What is the pathogenesis of HFMD and how can it be prevented?

How does HFMD work?

1. Hand, foot and mouth disease and pathogenesis.

1. The main cause of hand, foot and mouth disease is enterovirus infection. Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is one of the common infectious diseases in childhood. Among them, the common enteroviruses that cause HFMD include enterovirus 71, coxsackievirus, and some serotypes of echovirus.

The virus is highly resistant to ether and detergents, but is sensitive to ultraviolet light. Sensitive to a variety of oxidants such as potassium permanganate, chlorine disinfectant, formaldehyde, iodine, etc., the virus is quickly inactivated. Understanding the causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease can be used for better disease control.

2. After enterovirus invades the human body in the digestive tract or respiratory tract, it proliferates in the local mucosa or lymphoid tissue, enters the blood circulation, leads to viremia, and spreads with the blood to target tissues such as meninges, brain, spinal cord, heart, **, mucosa, etc., causing inflammatory lesions and corresponding clinical manifestations. Due to the host's defense mechanisms, most patients stop developing and become asymptomatic infections or mild clinical manifestations;Only a small number of patients replicate the virus extensively in the target organs, becoming severely infected.

2. Symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease.

1. Hand, foot and mouth disease is manifested as fever, and the oral mucosa is scattered in herpes, maculopapular rash on hands, feet, buttocks, herpes, inflammatory halo around herpes, and less fluid in the blisters. Some cases present only with a rash or herpangina. The prognosis is good with no sequelae.

Severe cases may present with neurological involvement and acute circulatory respiratory failure, with a high incidence in children under 3 years of age.

2. Neurological symptoms are mainly manifested as acute aseptic meningitis, brainstem encephalitis, and poliomyelitis-like paralysis. Mental disorders, drowsiness, headache, vomiting, irritability, myoclonus, weakness or paralysis;Neck resistance, decreased or absent tendon reflexes;Critical cases may present with frequent convulsions, coma, cerebral edema, and brain herniation. Drowsiness and fever are risk factors for neurological involvement.

3. Most patients with symptoms of circulatory respiratory failure have hand-foot-and-mouth symptoms or herpangina before pulmonary edema, but some patients only have fever and no rash. Myoclonus, nystagmus, and sympathetic excitatory symptoms may occur: insomnia, sweating, paralytic intestinal obstruction, neurogenic bladder dysfunction.

Easy to panic or panic. Even spitting white, pink, or blood-frothy sputum in the mouth, changes in respiratory rhythm. Hyperglycemia, elevated white blood cells, and acute relaxed paralysis together constitute risk factors for neurogenic pulmonary edema, but the mechanism is unknown.

Hand, foot and mouth disease is mainly caused by intestinal virus, if the body's immunity and resistance are very low, the physique is very weak, and if you don't pay attention to hygiene, you will be very susceptible to hand, foot and mouth disease; Symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease include fever, anorexia, mouth pain, mouth blistering, swollen and painful gums, and herpes in some parts of the body.

It is a viral infection caused by coxsackievirus A16, the most common is enterovirus, the source of infection is animals suffering from foot-and-mouth disease, most of which enter the human body through direct or diseased animals, through tiny wounds; The main symptoms are sore mouth, anorexia, low-grade fever, vesicles and small ulcers at the site of infection.

It may be a lack of personal hygiene, it may be a weakened immunity, it may be a bacterial infection, it may be a lack of vitamins. Sometimes there will be herpes, there will also be maculopapular rashes, sometimes it will be itchy, it will also be peeling, and there will be pain.

Hand, foot and mouth disease will cause a large number of herpes, and the most obvious symptom is the appearance of vesicular rash near the oral mucosa, so it is necessary to intervene in time**, so as to better protect our health. If you want to prevent hand, foot and mouth disease, you must stay away from crowded places to avoid infection.

The human body is a very delicate machine, and if something goes wrong, it will affect one's normal life. For small babies, because of their weak resistance, many diseases must be prevented in advance.

1. What are the symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease?

The symptoms of HFMD are similar to those of a cold and fever, but many children will have diarrhea, and if a blister rash appears in the baby's mouth, it can be diagnosed as HFMD. Therefore, we must observe the baby's physical health more in life, and once herpes appears in the mouth, we must go to a regular hospital in time to receive **.

2. How to prevent hand, foot and mouth disease?

Any disease can be tackled with prevention, and the same is true for hand, foot and mouth disease. In daily life, it is necessary to avoid contact with hand, foot and mouth patients, and if a child in kindergarten is suffering from hand, foot and mouth disease, he must ensure that he or she recovers before going to school to avoid infecting other students. At the same time, as a parent, you should also pay attention to indoor ventilation in your life, and you can choose to wipe furniture, dishes, chopsticks, and towels with disinfectant water when cleaning, so as to better avoid the prevalence of hand, foot and mouth disease.

3. What is my personal opinion?

I think that the body of the baby is very fragile, so we must strengthen the daily management of our lives, and try not to take children or infants to public places with dense population and poor air circulation during the epidemic of hand, foot and mouth disease, so as to solve the problem fundamentally. At the same time, it should be noted that as a parent, we must develop good hygiene habits in our lives, improve students' ideological awareness of good hygiene habits, and better protect the health of children.

There may be fever, maculopapular rash on the hands and feet and mouth, and it is easy to form mouth ulcers, sore throat, headache and cold symptoms, to develop good personal habits and eating habits, to wash hands frequently, wash bedding frequently, drink slag water, do not eat raw finger Liang Heng cold rice, frequent ventilation, pay attention to the balance of nutrition, more sun and more exercise, increase self-immunity.

There will be red beans the size of mung beans in the palms of the hands and feet, and there will be mouth ulcers in the mouth, and it is very likely that there will be symptoms of fever.

There will be itching, there will be a lot of acne on the hands, it is easy to appear red and swollen, there will be a lot of herpes on it, and there will be diarrhea symptoms.

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common pediatric infectious disease, which is generally an acute infectious disease caused by enterovirus infection. Hand, foot and mouth disease is not very contagious and belongs to category C infectious diseases. Patients usually have symptoms of fever, and at the same time, herpes appears on the hands, feet, limbs, and buttocks, which are centrifugal in a centrifugal distribution.

After being taken to the hospital**, the patient can usually be discharged within a day, and the herpes can disappear after two to four days, and the patient needs to isolate at home to avoid going out. <>

Patients will also have symptoms such as oral mucosal ulcers, which will reduce the patient's appetite, and severe patients will also have symptoms of high fever, nausea and vomiting. Only a small number of children will also cause myocarditis and other diseases, when the patient has symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease, it is necessary to immediately send the child to be diagnosed, and actively cooperate with the doctor** to prevent the disease from further deterioration. If the condition is not well treated, the patient's condition will deteriorate, resulting in life-threatening conditions, and the child's isolation needs to be done during the ** period.

Infants, young children and children are generally susceptible to HFMD, so parents need to pay attention to ensure that their homes are ventilated and kept clean at all times. In order to prevent children from suffering from hand, foot and mouth disease, parents need to cultivate their children's habits in daily life, cultivate the behavior of washing hands with soap before meals and going out, do not let children drink raw water, eat raw and cold food, and avoid letting patients contact their children. <>

Babies are also susceptible to hand, foot and mouth disease, and the items used by babies need to be adequately disinfected and cleaned. Change diapers when caring for young children, wash hands after handling faeces, and dispose of faeces properly. During the period when you are prone to disease, try not to take your children to the largest places and maintain family hygiene.

Parents should do a good job of ventilating the home and dry their clothes and quilts often at work. If the child is already confirmed to have HFMD, it is important to avoid going to crowded places, as this will not facilitate recovery and can spread the disease.

Hand, foot and mouth disease mainly occurs in the palms, sutures, soles of the feet, oral cavity and other parts, and is characterized by gray-white flat blisters with redness around the periphery, accompanied by tenderness, and is contagious.

Prevention should pay attention to hand hygiene, wash hands frequently, wash hands before meals and after using the toilet, and wash and disinfect the fruits and vegetables eaten to prevent diseases from entering the mouth and strengthen the immune function of patients.

It is an infectious disease, and the contagiousness is also relatively strong, so we must pay attention to hygiene, we must wash our hands frequently, drink raw water, do not come into contact with other children infected with this disease, have a good rest, do not stay up late, and must improve immunity.

It's a contagious disease, and it's very contagious; First of all, it is necessary to maintain good hygiene, wash hands frequently, do not eat some raw and cold food, clean and disinfect the toys that children often play with, and avoid contact with other children with hand, foot and mouth disease.

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a highly transmissible disease that occurs in children, and red rashes appear on the hands, feet, and face. Wash your hands frequently and eat clean meals as a daily preventative measure.

Do "wash your hands, drink boiled water, eat cooked food, ventilate frequently, and dry clothes and quilts." The disease is mainly transmitted through food, mouth and nose droplets and contact, so the prevention of closed children under the age of 5 should be mainly done: 1 Pay attention to food hygiene to avoid the disease from entering the mouth; 2. Avoid contact with other sick children, and take isolation measures when sick people are found in childcare institutions; 3. Strengthen physical fitness; (1) Childcare institutions do a good job of morning physical examinations, find suspected patients, and isolate them in a timely manner**; (2) Contaminated daily necessities and utensils should be disinfected, the excrement of the child should be soaked in 3 bleach powder clarifier, and the clothes should be exposed to the sun.

Wash your hands before eating and after using the toilet to prevent illness from entering the mouth; (3) Parents try to reduce the chance of letting their children go to crowded public places as much as possible to reduce the chance of being infected; (4) Pay attention to the nutrition and rest of the sedan shed for infants and young children. Hand, foot and mouth symptoms are feverish, body temperature reaches 38 degrees or more, maculopapular rash and herpes appear on the oral mucosa, hands, feet and buttocks, accompanied by cough, runny nose, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, headache and other symptoms. View the original post

Initial symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease.

Many parents who are concerned about childhood diseases know that spring and autumn are the seasons when diseases are frequent, especially for children with insufficient immunity, there will be more or less one or two minor illnesses in spring and autumn. However, the incidence of HFMD is high in children, so only timely understanding of the specific symptoms of HFMD can help parents take their children to the doctor in time. So what are the initial symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease?

1. Hand, foot and mouth disease has an incubation period, and many babies with good resistance can successfully pass the incubation period, and hand, foot and mouth disease will not attack. However, relatively speaking, babies with poor resistance to dregs will have fever at the beginning, accompanied by headache, runny nose, cough and other symptoms. Subsequently, the body temperature will continue to rise or become higher and higher, and the condition will gradually worsen.

2. After 1-2 days of fever, the sick baby can have small red papules such as Lao Nian on the oral mucosa, lips, palms, soles, buttocks, etc., and then develop into small blisters. When the small blisters burst, it is easy to cause ulcers in the affected area, and the child will have symptoms of pain and crying. and refuses to eat, drool, etc.

What I know is that on the surface, there will be some spots, and it will also cause patients to feel dizzy and uncomfortable, so they should be cleaned more often, and they need to be sprayed with disinfectant and not touched by dirty water to prevent it.

There will be a fever, a cough, a runny nose, a cold, and herpes. Be sure to stay away from crowds, pay attention to personal hygiene, change clothes regularly, strengthen physical fitness, eat more fruits and vegetables, and strengthen exercise.

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is an infectious disease caused by infection with an enterovirus. After HFMD infection, children develop maculopapular rashes, herpes, and fever on the hands, feet, and oral mucosa. Most cases of HFMD are mild and can be resolved within a week, and only a few cases of HFMD will progress to severe disease.

In severe cases, meningitis, encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, pulmonary edema, circulatory disorders, etc. may occur. The prevention of hand, foot and mouth disease must control the source of infection, isolate children with hand, foot and mouth disease, cut off the transmission route, and wash hands frequently. Protect susceptible people and avoid letting your child go to crowded public places.

Children with hand, foot and mouth disease. The child's hands, feet, and mouth may have maculopapular rashes, herpes, and fever. To prevent hand, foot and mouth disease, it is necessary to control the source of infection, isolate children with hand, foot and mouth disease, cut off the transmission route, wash hands frequently to protect susceptible people, and avoid letting children go to some crowded public places.