Analyze the importance of the Salt and Iron Conference on the impact of later generations

As we all know, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's economic policies such as the official camp of salt and iron and the equal loss of wine and wine were implemented under the condition of counterattacking the Xiongnu and financial emptiness. Its implementation enabled the Han Dynasty to broaden its financial resources, increase its tax revenue, and have a relatively strong material foundation to support the long-term war, thus continuously expanding its territory and stabilizing the frontier. Under the circumstances, the implementation of this economic policy was undoubtedly correct.

However, the implementation of the government-run policies of salt and iron, wine, and equal loss gradually concentrated a part of the wealth in the hands of big bureaucrats, big landlords, and big businessmen, and deprived the interests of small and medium-sized landlords. There were officials who "committed rape and sold peace", and "the peasants suffered a lot, and the women were popular."

The situation of "re-taxation" and the situation in which "the wealthy and wealthy merchants accumulate goods and store up to wait for their urgency, and the traitors take advantage of the cheapness in order to gain the riches" have made the small and medium-sized landlords and ordinary people increasingly impoverished. Therefore, at the beginning of Emperor Zhao's accession to the throne, Huo Guang.

On whether to change the economic policies such as salt and iron official camps, wine, and equal losses, and Sang Hongyang.

Wait for the struggle.

In the first year of Emperor Zhao (86 years ago), in the twelfth month of the leap year, Huo Guang sent the then Tingwei Wang Ping and five people to travel to the county to inspect the county.

Virtuous, interviewing people who are suffering, unjust, and unemployed, and preparing for the convening of the Salt and Iron Conference.

Shortly after the Salt and Iron Conference, the liquor monopoly was abolished, and Sang Hongdan, the maker and promoter of this policy, was executed by the general Huo Guang. However, the monopoly of salt and iron remained unchanged in the Western Han Dynasty. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, the monopoly of salt and iron stopped from time to time.

By the Tang Dynasty, except for the northwest region, the iron monopoly was basically abolished, and the salt and wine monopoly was restored. In the Ming Dynasty, the prohibition of alcohol was reopened. After the Middle Tang Dynasty, the tea ban was increased.

In the Southern Song Dynasty, in addition to salt tea and wine, alum, incense, copper, tin and other materials also became new monopoly products. Later, the salt was either monopolized by **, or operated by **authorized monopoly merchants. In 1931, there were 1,972 counties selling salt in the country, of which 94 counties adopted the government-transportation-civilian sales system and the official sales system, accounting for about 5%; There are 907 counties with a franchise system of ticket merchants, accounting for more than 46%.

In 1941, at the eighth plenary meeting of the Fifth ** Executive Committee of the Kuomintang, Kong Xiangxi and others passed the proposal of Kong Xiangxi and others on preparing for the monopoly of salt, sugar, tobacco, wine, tea, fire purple and other consumer crystals, which was implemented one after another.

The arguments on both sides of the conference had a positive impact on the ruling policies of the Han dynasty during the Zhaoxuan period. From the mainstream point of view, Huo Guang, who was in power, basically adhered to the policy formulated in the edict of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, implemented the measure of "resting with the people", cultivated the public land with the poor, lent seeds and rations to the peasants, exempted some taxes and forced labor, lowered the price of salt, and maintained friendly relations with the Xiongnu, which played an important role in the social and economic recovery and development of Emperor Zhao and Emperor Xuan. These measures are in line with the idea of "practicing benevolent government and governing the country with virtue" put forward by virtuous literature.

Virtuous literature was also valued by the rulers and became an active force in the political arena.

The Salt and Iron Conference was held in two stages, the first stage was a formal discussion meeting, and the second stage was another debate after the formal meeting, which was held when the virtuous literature resigned to the prime minister and the imperial historian.