How does nystagmus form? How is nystagmus caused?

Nystagmus is an involuntary, rhythmic, back-and-forth eye movement. The direction is divided into horizontal, vertical, and rotational type, with the horizontal type being the most common. Mainly caused by genetic mutations, nystagmus is not an independent disease, but a clinical manifestation of some diseases, nystagmus needs to be carried out for **, and reproductive intervention can be carried out through genetic testing to prevent the occurrence of nystagmus.

Main**. Oculogenic nystagmus.

Nystagmus is caused by visual impairment in the center of the macula, which makes the fixation reflex difficult.

Vestibular nystagmus.

Nystagmus due to lesions in the vestibular nucleus or its pathways connecting with the cerebellum or brainstem.

Central nystagmus.

It is more common in bulbar lesions, pontine lesions, midbrain lesions and cerebellar lesions.

Congenital idiopathic nystagmus.

A congenital condition, currently unknown, pending further study.

Other. It may be related to heredity, with X-linked recessive inheritance being the most common, which manifests as a parent with the disease, and children are at high risk of developing the disease. Some nystagmus can be caused by drugs or toxic substances.

Nystagmus is not a simple disease, it is a kind of low vision caused by various reasons, causing the eyes to be unable to see. Because when our eyeball looks at objects, it forms this kind of vision through the macula. This is what the patient with nystagmus says, and the eyeball has been in this state of trembling, that is, it is impossible to see, and if it is unable to take care of it, it is a relatively low vision that causes this kind of vision, that is, it mainly means this.

The eyeball moves back and forth at a marked different speed, and when the eye slowly turns in the other direction to a certain extent, it suddenly returns in a rapid movement. This type of tremor has chronic and fast phases, with chronic being physiological and fast being corrective movements. The fast phase direction is the direction of nystagmus, and the fast phase is related to **.

It is a type of low vision caused by various reasons, causing the eyeballs to be unable to see.

Nystagmus can be divided into:

1. Perceptual deficit nystagmus is mainly due to the unclear imaging of the macula caused by the disease of the eye itself, resulting in the development of normal fixation reflex disorders, so that the function of the micromotor system that normally maintains the target in the fovea is lost and inflammation is formed, which is more common in congenital cataracts, corneal dystrophy, macular macula, optic nerve hypoplasia, high refractive error and albinism, etc., usually bilateral horizontal nystagmus, which is oblique and fast and slow with equal speed.

2. Motor deficit nystagmus, mainly efferent mechanism defects, can involve the nerve center or the same direction of motor control without abnormal changes in the eye, this type is impulsive type with fast and slow differences, when the eyes gaze in a certain direction, the positive and negative frequencies are reduced and the inflammation disappears completely, and the increase in visual acuity often has a long head position, which is called the resting eye position.

3. Occult inflammation is characterized by no inflammation when both eyes are opened, and nystagmus can be induced after covering one eye, and the tremor is impulsive.

Nystagmus may be due to early oculomotor dysplasia, early eye disease or family members with Down syndrome, brain syndrome, head injury or including physical, ocular or ocular dysfunction, albinism, alcoholism, etc.

Nystagmus is not a simple disease, it is caused by various reasons, this kind of low vision causes the eyeball to be unable to look at, the eyeball is formed through the macula when looking at objects, the patient with nystagmus, that is, the eyeball has been fluttering in this state is unable to look at, and if you can't look at it, it will cause low visual acuity.

The nystagmus method should first be targeted for the symptoms.

Congenital essential nystagmus can be surgically surgically moved** to the resting eye to improve vision and reduce or suppress the appearance of nystagmus. The method is to first determine the resting eye position, and then move the inner and outer rectus muscles of both eyes to move the resting eye forward according to the strengthening and weakening. If nystagmus occurs, you should go to a regular hospital for professional ** and ****.

1. Patients with nystagmus may be because they have been in a place with bad light for a long time, and being in such a place for a long time will make the eyeball vision impaired, which will lead to nystagmus, and the eyeball cannot be fixed in one place.

2. Congenital amblyopia, congenital cataract, high myopia.

Conditions such as extraocular muscle paralysis can cause nystagmus. Therefore, if there is nystagmus, it is necessary to go to the hospital for examination in time to check whether it is caused by a certain disease. Retinal or refractive errors can also cause nystagmus, and patients may have amblyopia.

In this case, the patient can see part of the eyeball, but the eye cannot be fixed, and nystagmus occurs.

3. Genetic factors may also cause the symptoms of nystagmus. Patients with nystagmus due to genetic factors usually have eye movements when they are at rest. When the patient looks in either direction, the degree of nystagmus increases, and the patient may even have symptoms of head jolting or pointing.

4. Lesions of the central nervous system can also cause nystagmus. Lesions of the central nervous system cause symptoms of rotational and vertical tremor. Compression, deformity, or intoxication of the brainstem with antispasmodic drugs can cause vertical tremor to occur, which in turn can lead to nystagmus.

1.Ocular nystagmus.

Refers to the central vision impairment of the macula, which is caused by difficulty in forming the fixation reflex.

1) Physiological fixation nystagmus includes oblique nystagmus, visuodynamic nystagmus and recessive nystagmus.

2) Pathological fixation nystagmus includes blind nystagmus, amblyopia nystagmus, occupational nystagmus, etc.

2.Vestibular nystagmus.

3.Central nystagmus.

4.Congenital idiopathic nystagmus.

Nystagmus is an involuntary rhythmic oscillation, which can be divided into congenital and acquired according to the time of occurrence. Congenital nystagmus is also known as congenital nystagmus syndrome, which can be divided into afferent and efferent nystagmus according to the location of the lesion.

The first types of nystagmus are: congenital nystagmus, which is due to genetics or unexplained birth. It is caused by diseases such as cataracts, amblyopia, etc.

Extraocular muscle paralysis can also cause nystagmus. Lesions of the labyrinth of the inner ear and the central nervous system can also cause nystagmus.

Nystagmus is an involuntary, rhythmic, directional oscillation or throbbing of the eyeball. Nystagmus is often a clinical manifestation of some diseases and cannot be counted as an independent disease, and nystagmus occurs for the following reasons:

1.Oculogenic nystagmus. Nystagmus may be caused by congenital malformations of eye development, dysplasia of the nerves and muscles of the eye, as well as eye diseases such as cataracts, color blindness, and macular lesions.

2.Otogenic nystagmus. Meniere's syndrome, otitis media, vestibular impairment, etc., may cause nystagmus.

3.Central nystagmus. Brain injuries such as encephalitis, brain tumors, brain **, and traumatic brain injuries may cause nystagmus.

4.Nystagmus may also be related to genetics, medications, etc.

Nystagmus is usually caused by abnormal eye movements due to certain oculogenic, otogenic, central nervous system, or other pathologies.

Essential**. Oculogenic nystagmus.

Common ** are congenital eye malformations, ocular neuromuscular dysplasia, cataracts, panchromatopsis, macular lesions, etc.

Otogenic nystagmus (vestibular nystagmus).

Common in Meniere's syndrome and otitis media.

Labyrinthitis and acute vestibular impairment.

Nystagmus is an involuntary, regular, back-and-forth oscillating eye movement, which is divided into horizontal, vertical, and rotational directions, with the horizontal type being the most common.

The direction of nystagmus is usually expressed in the fast phase direction, which is the compensatory movement to restore the fixation position, referred to as nystagmus.

It is often caused by diseases of the visual system, extraocular muscles, labyrinth of the inner ear and the central nervous system, and causes include ocular nystagmus, which refers to visual impairment in the center of the macula, nystagmus, vestibular nystagmus, central nystagmus, and congenital essential nystagmus.

1.Main**.

2.Oculogenic nystagmus: refers to nystagmus caused by disturbance of the central vision of the macula, which makes the fixation reflex difficult.

3.Vestibular nystagmus: nystagmus due to lesions in the vestibular nucleus or its pathways connecting with the cerebellum or brainstem.

4.Predisposing factors.

5.Usually blinking, resulting in eye muscle nerve fatigue and paralysis, can congenitally induce nystagmus.

1. Congenital factors.

Congenital anomalies or genetic factors can cause congenital or hereditary nystagmus, in which the eye moves horizontally for a long time, regardless of whether it is fast or slow.

2. Ocular lesions.

For example, congenital amblyopia, severe refractive error, congenital cataract, color blindness, high myopia, visual impairment caused by albinism, extraocular muscle paralysis and other ocular lesions can lead to the appearance of ocular nystagmus.

3. Ear lesions.

Ear lesions such as Meniere's syndrome, otitis media, labyrinthitis and acute vestibular impairment can lead to vestibular nystagmus.

4. Nervous system lesions.

Such as syringomyelia, multiple sclerosis, encephalitis, cerebrovascular lesions, brain tumors, brain trauma, etc., can cause central nystagmus. Among them, medullary lesions mostly show rotational spontaneous nystagmus, pontine lesions mostly present horizontal nystagmus, midbrain lesions mostly have vertical nystagmus, cerebellar lesions often have horizontal nystagmus, spontaneous nystagmus and positional nystagmus can be seen in prefrontal lobe lesions, and dissociative nystagmus can occur in medial longitudinal tract lesions. In addition, nystagmus can also occur in cervical spinal cord lesions, and upper cervical spinal cord lesions are more common, which may be related to damage to the medial longitudinal tract or vestibulospinal tract.

5. Poisoning. It can be caused by drugs or poisons such as opioids, barbiturates, alcohol, lead poisoning, etc. The nature of nystagmus is similar to that of cerebellar nystagmus.

6. Miscellaneous. For example, occupational nystagmus is more common in coal miners, train dispatching, etc.

Nystagmus can be caused by brain damage, head or motor system damage, and nystagmus has a genetic component, which may be inherited from family members. If you take anti-epileptic drugs for a long time, you may also have nystagmus, and patients need to take corresponding measures according to different **.

Advice: Do not rub your eyes with your hands in daily life, because there are more bacteria on your hands, and it is easy to get infected, and you should also go for regular eye checks.

The causes of nystagmus are mainly caused by hypoxic damage to the brain, as well as developmental abnormalities. Especially during the mother's pregnancy and childbirth, due to intrauterine hypoxia, the patient's brain is deprived, the labor process is prolonged, dystocia or birth trauma can cause nystagmus.