Dictate geological chronology 10, dictate geological chronology

When you read some books or movies on the theme of dinosaurs or paleontology, you will always hear some unbelievable geological chronological names, such as Devonian, Silurian, Ordovician, Cretaceous and so on. So how exactly is the geological age of the earth divided? How did these names come about?

1. The epoch is the largest geological age unit, which is divided into four epochs: the Plutozoic, the Archean, the Proterozoic and the Phanerozoic (once also divided into the Cryptozoic and Phanerozoic).

There are 5 major generations under the Epoch: Archean, Proterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic (in addition, there are lunar geological age units such as the Yuhai Era and the Dionysian Era under the Plutozoic Era; Some of the five major dynasties have been divided into two generations, such as the Proterozoic divided into Paleoproterozoic, Mesoproterozoic, and Neoproterozoic, etc.).

Under each generation, it is divided into 12 eras, in addition to the domestic generally use the Proterozoic under the Great Wall Period, Jixian Period, Qingbaikou Era and other non-internationally recognized units.

A complete stratigraphic system is established by conducting detailed analysis and comparison of sedimentary strata in different regions according to fossils and lithologies (mainly fossils), clarifying the interrelationships between them, and connecting them in order (new and old).

According to the stratigraphic system, a relatively complete stratigraphic system table is established, combined with the isotopic age, the order, process, stage of biological evolution, the old tectonic movement, the paleogeographic environment change, etc., the whole history of the earth's crust is divided into many natural stages, that is, geological time, and geological chronology is carried out in the order of new and old, which constitutes the geological chronology.

According to the age of the earth's rock formations, the age of the earth is divided into different units, which can facilitate the description of the earth and the evolution of life. However, people are accustomed to dividing the earth according to the situation of living things, dividing the earth into two large units for 4.6 billion years, among which the era when no living things can be seen or difficult to see is called the Cryptozoic, and the era after a certain amount of life can be seen is called the Phanerozoic.

The Cryptozoic Epoch began at the origin of the Earth, but its end time is not an absolutely accurate number, probably going back to 100 million years ago. The time from 100 million years to the present is called Phanerozoic.

Geologists divide the universe into five generations: Archean, Proterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic. Among them, the Cryptozoic is divided into the Tai Dynasty and the Proterozoic. Archean generally refers to the period when the Earth was formed, from about 4.6 billion years ago to about 3.8 billion years ago, and its time varies by hundreds of millions of years, because there are still many uncertainties about the oldest life that researchers can grasp.

Archean was followed by the Proterozoic, which generally ended before the Precambrian explosion of life, which was about 100 million years old.

Geologists divide the time from the Precambrian period to the present into three units: the Paleozoic, the Mesozoic, and the Cenozoic. Many animals in the Paleozoic era did not have vertebrates, that is, invertebrates, people often call this era the age of dinosaurs, the Mesozoic period mammals began to evolve, and the Cenozoic era is the era of human life, which is the most recent generation of the earth, and the Cenozoic era is also called the age of mammals.

Each era is divided into several epochs, such as the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous, and most of these names are the names of rocks and fossils whose geological age was first discovered by geologists. For example, "Cambrian" in the Cambrian is the name of Wales, England, and "Jura" refers to the Jura Mountains of France.

The geological age from ancient times to the present is as follows: Cryptozoic Eon (now known as Precambrian Supereon) and Phanerozoic Eon.

1. The Cryptozoic has now been subdivided into the Plutozoic, Archean, and Proterozoic.

2. The Phanerozoic is further divided into: Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic.

1. The Paleozoic Era is divided into: Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian.

2. The Mesozoic Era is divided into: Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous.

3. The Cenozoic is divided into: Paleogene, Neogene and Quaternary.

Cenozoic (Mammalian Age) Quaternary Holocene QH 1

Pleistocene QP 1 Glaciers are widespread and loess is generated.

Late Tertiary Pliocene N2 62 12 orogeny in the west, low flats in the east, and widespread lakes.

Miocene n1

Early Tertiary Oligocene E3 26 Mammalian differentiation.

Eocene E2 38 Fruits and vegetables flourished, and mammals developed rapidly.

Paleocene E1 58 (no Paleocene strata have been found in China).

Mesozoic (reptile age) Cretaceous k 43 127 strong orogeny, igneous active mineralization.

Jurassic J 45 152 Dinosaurs were in full bloom, and the southern mountains of China were all formed, and the mainland coalfields were formed.

Triassic t 36 182 The last transgression of southern China, the development of dinosaur mammals.

Upper Paleozoic. Amphibians with.

Age of coal-making plants) Permian p 38 203 The world's glaciers are widely distributed, and the largest sea transversion in New South is strong.

Carboniferous C 52 255 Warm climate, coalfield formation, reptilian insect occurrence, low terrain, coral reef development.

Mesozoic. Age of fishes) Devonian d 36 313 Forest development, brachiopods are extremely abundant, amphibians are developed.

Silurian S 50 350 Coral reefs are developed, the climate is locally dry, and orogeny is strong.

Lower Paleozoic. Age of Invertebrates) Ordovician o 34 430 The geothermal low flat, the sea is widespread, the invertebrates are extremely numerous, and the end of North China rises.

Cambrian 88 510 The shallow sea is widespread, and organisms begin to develop in large numbers.

Occlusion Upper Proterozoic Sinian SN The terrain is uneven, the glaciers are widespread, and the late sea transgression is widespread.

Lower Proterozoic foreshocks.

The Dan period Hutuo sedimentation is deep and orogenic is strongly metamorphic, and igneous rocks are actively mineralized.

Wutai Early mafic eruptions, followed by orogeny, strong metamorphism, granite intrusion.

Archean Tarzan 1980

The most ancient mineral) about 3350

Local changes in the earth's crust.

Continents began to form.

The structure and memory of the earth show that the process of crustal movement is the process of self-renewal of the earth's material.

The structure of the earth's crust and geology can be renewed, not to mention living things and biological remains.

Isn't it tragic that today's geology, the life of the earth, and the remains of the life of the earth are cut off?

The existence of the earth and the movement of the earth's crust are too ancient.

If we divide the order of the formation and evolution of the earth into 100 stages. Today's Earth is only a record of the last three stages of geological and biological evolution. So, how to decide the first 100 stages?

How is the life span of the earth determined to be only 4.6 billion years? What if the Earth was created 10 billion years ago?

Jump out of the geological chronology to see the formation of geological chronology:

The process of crustal movement is the process of self-renewal of the earth and its materials.

The earth's material can be renewed, but what about the earth's life?

Suppose the Earth was created 100 billion years ago.

Modern geology indicates:

Currently, the oldest geology found on Earth was created 3.8 billion years ago; The oldest fossils of the creature that can be found date back 800 million years.

Masters of geoscience have established geological chronology based on the study of a large number of geological and biological fossils.

Studying the modern geological chronology, it is not difficult to see:

1. There is no law to follow in geological production.

That is to say, modern geological chronology is not theoretical and not systematic enough.

2. The time span between geology and biology is uneven.

There must have been dark geology and paleontology in between.

3. Discuss antiquity with limited geology and fossils.

4. Covering the surface with points, it is believed that in the same period of geologic history, only one kind of geology and one kind of organism were produced.

5. It is believed that the history of geology and biology belongs to the "" structure.

Due to the periodic movement of the earth's crust. The masters of earth science have only studied the crustal movement of the last half of the crustal movement cycle, and studied the geology of the last 3.8 billion years and the last 800 million years ago. Without understanding the general history of crustal movement and the laws of crustal movement, they are unable to make the geological generation consistent with the time-space and sea-land structure of crustal movement.

In this case, they want to divide and classify the geological generation and the formation and evolution of life on earth. Therefore, they not only divided, named and classified the geological generation, the formation and evolution of organisms. In this way, unscientific and incomplete modern geological chronology was produced.

So, how is it determined that the Earth has only 4.6 billion years to live?

At present, the oldest geology that scientists have found from Earth is only 3.8 billion years old, and the oldest fossils were created 800 million years ago.

So, they made the biggest speculation and estimates, and finally reached a consensus: the earth was created 4.6 billion years ago.

Some people say that the earth was created 6.2 billion years ago, while others say that it was created 6.8 billion years ago or 7.5 billion years ago.

If you want to think that the Earth was created 10 billion years ago, you can.

Therefore, modern geological chronology is purely a theory.

Geological time is a unit of time used to describe events in the history of the Earth and is commonly used in geology and archaeology.

Expresses the relative geological age and isotopic age values of the geohistorical period in the order of the early and late eras. There are two ways to calculate geological age:

1. According to the development of organisms and the order of rock formation, the history of the earth's crust is divided into some natural stages corresponding to the development of organisms, that is, relative geological time. It can represent the sequence of geological events, the natural stages of geological history, and the stages of crustal development;

2. According to the content of radioisotope decay products in the rock layer, the age of formation and geological events is determined, that is, the absolute geological time. From this, geological chronology can be compiled.

Geologists and paleontologists divide the strata into 5 generations and 12 epochs according to the order in which the strata are naturally formed. That is, the early Archean and Proterozoic (the Proterozoic contains 1 Sinian in China), and the later Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic.

1. The Paleozoic is divided into Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian, a total of 6 epochs; The Mesozoic Era is divided into the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous, with a total of 3 epochs; There are only two periods in the Cenozoic: the Tertiary and the Quaternary.

In the strata of different periods, most of them have preserved standard fossils of ancient animals and plants. There is a certain order in which all kinds of animal and plant fossils appear, the lower the fossils, the earlier they appear, and the higher they are, the later they appear.

2. The largest unit of time in the chronology is the eon, which is the era, the period, the epoch, the age, and the chron.

It must be noted that although the chronology has a concept of time, that is, when it is known that the fossil is a relic of the era, era, era, era, period or time, it is indirectly possible to know the rough time of its formation (of course, it is a very rough estimate).

In fact, the chronology is completely artificial, and unlike the years, months, and days in the calendar, it does not give an idea of the exact time elapsed by each epoch, epoch, epoch, epoch, period, or hour.

Geological time scale is a unit of time used to describe events in the Earth's history, often used in geology and archaeology.

According to the scope of application, it is divided into: representatives of international geological years and representatives of local geological years. The International Geological Year is a timeline that reflects the geological history of various geological events on the earth in the order in which they occurred.

On the basis of the international geological chronology, according to the geological characteristics of a certain region, the geological history timeline of various geological events in the region is arranged in the order of their occurrence, which is called local geological chronology.