What is the focus of the modern Chinese test in the first semester of freshman year?

The first semester of freshman yearModern ChineseThe exam focuses on the following.

There are four differences between consonants and vowels: 1. The vowel airflow is blocked, and the consonant airflow is unobstructed. 2. The vowel vocal cords vibrate, and the consonants do not necessarily vibrate. 3. The vowel airflow is weak, and the consonant airflow is strong. 4. The vowel sound is louder and the consonant sound is lighter.

There are four differences between consonants and vowels: 1. When consonants are pronounced, the airflow is obstructed by a certain part in the process of passing through the pharynx and oral cavity; When vowels are pronounced, the airflow in the pharynx and mouth is not obstructed. This is the main difference between vowels and consonants.

2. When the consonant is pronounced, the parts of the articulatory organ that are blocked are particularly tense: when the vowel is pronounced, all parts of the vocal organ maintain a balanced tense state.

3. When the consonant is pronounced, the airflow is stronger: when the vowel is pronounced, the airflow is weaker. 4. When the consonant is pronounced, the vocal cords do not necessarily vibrate, and the sound is generally not loud: when the vowel is pronounced, the vocal cords vibrate, and the sound is brighter than the consonant.

Why is it said that Chinese characters are ideographic systems? The world's scripts can be divided into phonetic and ideograms.

There are two main types of phonetics: Writing is a limited number of phonemes that represent a language with a small number of symbols.

or syllables, as letters that mark the sound of words; Ideograms are the use of a large number of ideograms to represent a meaningful linguistic unit in a language—a morpheme.

or words, rather than denoting phonemes or syllables in the language.

Chinese characters use a large number of ideographic symbols (characters) composed of strokes to represent the morphemes of Chinese, thus representing the sounds of Chinese morphemes, rather than using symbols or letters to represent the phonemes or syllables of Chinese, so it is said that Chinese characters are the characters of the ideographic system. Hint: How to answer the question of the development of word meaning.

The knowledge points of the first semester of the first semester of the first year of modern Chinese are:

1. Modern Chinese is the language used by the modern Han people, including a variety of dialects and common languages. The common language of the modern Han nationality is a Mandarin language with Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation, northern dialect as the basic dialect, and exemplary modern vernacular works as the grammatical norms.

2. The word modern Chinese usually has two interpretations: the broad interpretation refers to the language used by the Han people since modern and contemporary times, including the common language of the ethnic group - Mandarin and dialects; Modern Chinese in the narrow sense refers only to Mandarin.

3. Language: It is a product of society, which arises with the emergence of society and develops with the development of society, and Chinese has the common attributes of all languages. Structurally, language is a symbol system that combines sound and meaning with speech as the material shell (form), vocabulary as the building material, and grammar as the structural law.

4. From the functional point of view, language is divided into three aspects: The relationship between people: language is the most important communication tool of human beings, the relationship between people and the objective world: the tool for understanding the world, and the relationship between people and culture: language is the carrier of culture.

5. The common language of the nation is formed on the basis of a dialect, and the dialect that is the basis of the common language of the nation is called the basic dialect.

6. The common language of the modern Han nationality is formed on the basis of the northern dialects.

7. The three standard meanings of the common language of the modern Han nationality: Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation, northern dialect as the basic dialect, and exemplary modern vernacular works as the grammatical norms.

8. Syllables are the basic units of speech structure, and they are also the smallest fragments of speech that are naturally felt. Consists of one or several phonemes. Generally speaking, one kanji represents one syllable, and two children's characters represent one syllable.

9. Oracle bone inscription: refers to the text engraved on tortoise shells and animal bones (mainly cow bones and deer bones) in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, about 3,000 years ago. The oracle bone inscription was discovered in 1899 in Xiaotun Village, a suburb of Anyang City, Henan Province, by Wang Yirong, known as the "father of oracle bones".

10. Jin Wen: The pre-Qin Dynasty called copper "gold". The gold script is the writing cast on the bronze. Most of the bronzes are Zhong Ding, so Jin Wen is also called Zhong Ding Wen. Bronze ware was seen in the Yin Shang Dynasty as early as the Zhou Dynasty, and the Warring States period was also not lacking.

Our school test is pronunciation, and it should be almost the same to do the later practice questions. The format varies from school to school.

The format varies from school to school.

First of all, it is necessary to understand what modern Chinese is, and modern Chinese is the language used by the modern Han people. The common language of the modern Han nationality is a Mandarin language based on the standard phoneme of Beijing phoneme, the basic dialect of northern dialect, and the grammatical norms of exemplary modern vernacular writings. The second is pronunciation, understand the physical, physiological and social attributes of speech, figure out the four elements of voice length, pitch, sound intensity and timbre, be familiar with the structure of articulatory organs, and master phonetic concepts such as syllables and tones, and distinguish the similarities and differences between phonemes and phonemes, consonant vowels and vowels.

In order to understand the ins and outs of ancient and modern Chinese characters, it is necessary to understand the oracle bone inscriptions, golden scripts, seal scripts, regular scripts, cursive scripts and line scripts that have appeared in the history books. Master the Chinese characters that have been organized, including mastering simplified characters, not using variant characters, distinguishing between old and new glyphs, and using standard words in heteromorphic words; Acquire the knowledge and specific skills to correct writing and pronunciation mistakes, and use standardized Chinese characters. Words and words are the relationship between the collective and the individual, how morphemes form words, and the various types of words.

These are all modern Chinese knowledge.

There's nothing to do, we're about to take the exam, and my sister said just memorize the textbook.

> I. The following questions (60 points).

1. What are the standards for the standardization of modern Chinese? How do you understand these standards? （15）

2. What are the characteristics of modern Chinese compared with ancient Chinese? Compared with the foreign language you have learned, what are the characteristics of modern Chinese? (15 points).

3. In modern Chinese grammar analysis, the determination of words is much more difficult than the determination of morphemes, why is this? (10 points).

4. What are the ways in which compound words are formed in modern Chinese? Please give examples one by one. (5 points).

5. What are the factors that cause ambiguity in modern Chinese? Please give examples one by one. (15 points).

1. The pronunciation of a Chinese character is a syllable, therefore, a Chinese character is a syllabic script. (5 points).

2. Rhetoric is the pursuit of accurate and distinct expression. (8 points).

3. "Red" and "red" both indicate color, and "red" is an adjective, so "red" should also be an adjective. (5 points).

3. Analysis (22 points).

1. Please point out the adjective and adverbial sentences in the following three sentences, and explain the reasons one by one. (10 points).

1) You have to support them strongly.

2) They need your support.

3) They need your support.

2. The phonetics of the following characters are all standardized pronunciations, and the pronunciations of some of them do not conform to the combination rules of modern Chinese pronunciation and tone, please point them out one by one and explain the reasons. (6 points).

Value. Nose. You.

Don't. Bed. Fat. >zhibinin

bengchuang

feifiao

3. Some of the words in the following sentence are non-standard words, please point them out one by one, and explain which type of non-standard words they belong to. (6 points).

Today is Sunday. In the afternoon, Lao Lu and his wife walked over from the parking lot. The neighborhood where they live is not far from here, only 3 miles away, and it's a short drive away.

They're going to buy a lot of things today. It's good to say anything else, don't remember to buy a new kind of tutelage for your son Xiaoqiang, this child is now more and more fashionable.