What is the format of direct speech and what is the format of citation?

Direct speech is a direct quote from someone else, while indirect speech is a relay of what someone else has said, so when direct speech is changed to indirect speech, the speaker, i.e. the first person "I" is changed to the third person "he" or "she".

For example, Zhang Tong said to me, "I must insist on long-distance running." ”

Change: Zhang Tong told me that he must insist on long-distance running.

2.Modification when paraphrased involves other pronouns.

For example, my sister said to me, "If you're right, I'll do it." ”

Change: My sister told me that I was right, and she did it.

The above example sentence involves the second person, and should be changed to the first person when changing to a paraphrased sentence. It should also be noted that the content before colons and quotation marks remains the same.

Sui Ru talks about the line of quotations. There are two specific citations:

a. If the quotation part itself can constitute a complete meaning in the text, the quotation mark after the quotation mark of the original text should be dotted with the slackness stop symbol (such as、!? etc.). Such as:

The Southern Tour made a new summary of the essence of socialism, that is, "emancipate the productive forces, develop the productive forces, eliminate exploitation, eliminate polarization, and ultimately achieve common prosperity." These five sentences have extremely rich scientific connotations,......

b. If the quotation itself cannot constitute the complete meaning of the text, and must be combined with its own elaboration to achieve a thorough meaning, only quotation marks should be added when quoting, no matter what the original punctuation of the original text is, no punctuation should be added in the quotation marks, and the punctuation required for the text should be used in points other than quotation marks. Such as:

The five sentences reveal three levels of content: first, "emancipate the productive forces and develop the productive forces", the core is development; the second is to "eliminate exploitation and eliminate polarization", the core of which is fairness; The third is to "ultimately achieve common prosperity".

Citation. This form is generally used only in those occasions where there is emphasis, prominence and less detailed and relatively fresh content, and its purpose is to arouse the reader's alertness and attention. When copying quotations, there should be two spaces before and after the manuscript paper.

There is no need to put quotation marks around the front and back.

Quote the original meaning. This form is generally used when a large amount of original text is cited, or when the opinions of many people are the same.

To quote and guess the original meaning, you can use only a colon instead of quotation marks, and sometimes you can use a comma. For example:

Lenin said: The most essential thing of Marxism, the living soul of Marxism, lies in the concrete analysis of specific situations. Oak loss.

To quote the original meaning, it is necessary to pay attention to fully understanding the original author's point of view and integrating it into the ideological expression of the text. Although it is not in quotation marks, it should indicate where its original meaning is cited.

An introduction is a section that is written at the front of a book or article, similar to a preface or introduction. The introduction is an overview or impression of the book, and also refers to the opening remarks of symposiums, seminars, and seminars, and is often used as the beginning of science and technology, putting forward the questions to be studied in the text, and guiding readers to read and understand the full text.

How to write an introduction.

The so-called introduction is to establish a title for the writing of **, and the purpose is to lead to the following. Only the "proposition" is true. Writing an introduction requires getting straight to the point and not going around in circles.

Be concise and focused. Respect science and seek truth from facts. The content of the introduction should not be the same as the abstract, and attention should not be used to use polite words, such as "talent is shallow", "level is limited", "please correct", "throwing bricks and stones" and other language; It is better not to discuss the preface in paragraphs, without illustrations, lists, or derivation and proof of formulas.

The length of the introduction should generally not be too long, as it can be boring to the reader, and too short will be difficult to explain clearly. For an article of 3 000 to 5 000 words, the number of words in the introduction is generally 200 to 250 words.

1.Introduction. The purpose of formulating this standard is to unify and standardize the format of graduation in our school and ensure the quality of graduation.

Graduation** should be in the latest promulgated simplified Chinese characters, in line with the "Regulations on the Administration of the Use of Chinese Characters in Publications", and the author should type, arrange and print them on the computer.

Graduate**Authors should read a large number of relevant literature before and after selecting the topic, and the number of literature readings should not be less than 5 articles, which should be included in the reference list, and the reference number should be indicated at the cited content in the text (arranged in order of appearance).

1. Direct speech is a declarative sentence, and when it becomes indirect speech, it is guided by that and that can also be omitted.

2. Minzhou's direct speech is a general interrogative sentence, which is guided by if or whether when it becomes indirect speech, and the declarative sentence order should be used for the indirect speech part.

3. Direct speech is a special interrogative sentence, which becomes an indirect speech and is guided by the original interrogative words when laughing, and the declarative word order should be used for the indirect balance of the quotation.

4. Direct speech is an imperative sentence, and when it becomes an indirect speech, it should become a compound structure composed of verb infinitive phrases.

The difference between direct and indirect speech is:

1. Different definitions: Direct speech refers to directly quoting someone else's original words. Indirect Quotation: Paraphrasing someone else's words in your own words, not in quotation marks.

2. Different tense changes: The tense of indirect speech should be consistent with the tense of the main clause. Direct speech has words that clearly indicate time, and when changing indirect speech, the tense does not change.

If direct speech indicates objective truth, the tense does not change when it is changed to indirect speech. If the direct speech is a special question, the indirect speech should be changed to an object clause led by an interrogative pronoun or interrogative adverb.