What is direct speech and what is indirect speech?

Direct speech is what someone says directly, and indirect speech is a paraphrase of what someone says, which is equivalent to a paraphrase sentence in language.

Direct: she said:"i am 14 years old."

Indirect: She said that she was 14 years old

Different sentence patterns have different conjugations.

1.The law of change in tense: the present tense becomes the past tense; The past tense becomes the past perfect tense; The simple future tense becomes the past future tense.

2.The law of change of temporal adverbials: the present changes to the past; The past becomes the past. e.g.: now---then ; ago---before

3.The law of change of place adverbials: near to far. For example: here---there

4.The law of sentence structure change: the general interrogative sentence should be changed to the declarative word order, and if whether should be added before it. Such as:

he asked,"do you like english?"---he asked if/ whether you liked english.

Special interrogative sentences should be turned into declarative word order, such as:

he asked,"where are you from?"---he asked me where i was from.

Also pay attention to the change of pronouns. Explain these patterns to students and memorize them, and the problem should be solved.

First, the reference is different.

1. Direct quotation: Directly quote others' original sentences, using quotation marks.

2. Indirect speech: use your own words to paraphrase others, and you can't use quotation marks.

Second, the usage is different.

1. Direct speech: If direct speech expresses objective truth, the tense does not change when it is changed to indirect speech. When the predicate of the main clause is in the simple present tense, when it is changed to indirect speech, if the predicate tense of the main clause remains unchanged in the simple present tense, the subordinate tense does not change as well.

2. Indirect speech: In indirect speech, the subject of the introduction should use the accusative, and the verb should use the infinitive, the tense of the infinitive depends on the order of the introduction, the time of the verb and the time of the main sentence verb, and the nature and number of the infinitive depend on the subject of the indirect speech (as mentioned above, only the accusative is used).

Third, the nature is different.

1. Direct speech: It can be expressed in direct speech as "Xiao Ming said 'I am a student'".

2. Indirect speech: Indirect speech can be expressed as "Xiao Ming said he is a student".

Q&A (180): Direct speech becomes indirect speech, pay attention to personal and tense changes.

The example sentences for changing direct speech to indirect speech in primary school Chinese are as follows:

1.Direct speech is a direct quote from someone else, while indirect speech is a relay of what someone else has said, so when direct speech is changed to indirect speech, the speaker, i.e. the first person "I" is changed to the third person "he" or "she".

For example, Zhang Tong said to me, "I must insist on long-distance running." ”

Change: Zhang Tong told me that he must insist on long-distance running.

2.Modification when paraphrased involves other pronouns. For example, my sister said to me, "If you're right, I'll do it." ”

Change: My sister told me that I was right, and she did it. The above example sentence involves the second person, and should be changed to the first person when changing to a paraphrased sentence.

It should also be noted that the content before colons and quotation marks remains the same. 3.Indirect speech should be changed to direct speech, the third person "he" or "she" should be changed to the first person "I", and the first person should be changed to the second person.

For example, the old squad leader told us that he did not complete the task and did not take good care of us.

Change: The old squad leader said to us: "I didn't complete the task and didn't take care of you. ”

Special Cases:1Xiao Hua said to Xiao Qiang: "You give me back the pen tomorrow." ”

Xiaohua said to Xiaoqiang that Xiaoqiang would return the pen to Xiaohua tomorrow.

2.The younger sister said to her father, "My brother asked me to tell you that he won't come back for dinner at night." ”

My sister told my dad that my brother said he wouldn't be coming back for dinner in the evening.

3.The teacher said to Xiaoli, "Do you know that you are the best performer?" ”

The teacher told Xiaoli that she was the best performer.

There are generally two forms of quoting someone: one is direct speech, which is to quote the original word exactly and put it in quotation marks; The other is indirect speech, which is to paraphrase in one's own words, and the content that is paraphrased is not placed in quotation marks.

Indirect speech is mostly an object clause, when the direct speech is an imperative sentence, a declarative sentence, an interrogative sentence is converted into an indirect speech, the sentence structure, person, tense, time, time adverbial and place adverbial will be changed. Indirect speech is what we call third-person paraphrasing.

Indirect speech of a declarative sentence

Direct speech is a declarative sentence, and when it becomes indirect speech, it forms a that-led object clause in most cases, and the quoted verb is usually say, tell, etc. At the same time, the person, tense, and other aspects of indirect speech need to be changed accordingly.

the foreigner aid to me, i like beijing very much.

The foreigner told me: I like Beijing very much.

the foreigner told me that he she liked beijing very much.

The foreigner told me that he or she liked Beijing very much.