Victimology on criminal psychology

Generally speaking, victims can be broadly divided into the following three types:

A low-risk victim is a person whose private, professional, and social life is generally not vulnerable to loss and harm.

Medium-risk victims refer to a person who is likely to suffer loss or harm in his or her private, professional, or social life.

A high-risk victim refers to a person whose private, professional, and social life is at risk of loss or injury at any time.

In addition, the risk of harm can be further divided into lifestyle risk and accidental risk of damage.

Lifestyle-related risk of victimization refers to all risks that may expose a person to harm due to his or her personality, private life, occupation and the circumstances in which he or she first meets. A particular life environment, habit or behaviour can lead to an increase in the likelihood of injury or loss to an individual, and the risk of victimization is also affected by the personality characteristics of the victim. Lifestyle risk is determined as a function of the risk of the victim and the circumstances in which they live.

The following are the characteristics of individuals who are prone to being victimized in a dangerous way:

Aggressiveness, anger, emotion**, hyperactivity, impulsivity, anxiety, tendency to indulge in a certain behavior, tendency to self-destructive behavior, pathological fear or irrational or incomprehensible fear, difficult relationship with supervisor, inactivity, lack of self-respect, depression, hopelessness, negativity, emotional dullness, listlessness, need for attention and empathy, history of self-harm, history of suicide attempts or threats......

These characteristics should be linked to the victim's age, occupation and previous victimization experience.

The risk of accidental victimization refers to the crime committed by the offender against the victim based on the victim's mental state at the time and the risk factors of the environment at the time. The following factors increase the risk of accident for victims:

The degree of risk to the victim's lifestyle (which has already been mentioned and will not be repeated here).

The victim's psychological state, which refers to the victim's emotional state before, during, and after the assault.

The time of the offence, a specific high-risk time of day, but this factor largely depends on the location of the offence.

The location of the crime is the most important factor affecting the risk of the accident of the victim.

Generally speaking, the number of victims is relatively safe when there are more people, and the risk of victimization is relatively low when participating in activities with others.

Drug and alcohol abuse can reduce a person's physical ability to react, as well as his judgment. In these two cases, the risk of accident damage increases significantly.

Criminal psychology has a narrow sense and a broad sense, and the research object of criminal psychology is also divided into a narrow sense and a broad sense.

The research object of criminal psychology in the narrow sense is the psychology and behavior of the offender, that is, the criminal subject, that is, the criminal psychology and crime are its research objects. The psychology of criminal subjects includes their psychological processes and personality psychology, the reasons and processes for the formation of criminal psychological structure, the mechanism by which criminal psychology is externalized into criminal behavior, the psychological activities in the process of committing crimes, the laws of development and change of criminal psychology, and how to exert influence on the structure of criminal psychology and how to educate and transform it. Only the personality defects of the offender and related psychological problems are studied.

The research objects of criminal psychology in a broad sense include not only the research objects of criminal psychology in the narrow sense, but also the psychological issues in crime countermeasures, such as the psychological problems of crime prevention, crime punishment, and education and reform of criminals. It also includes the psychology of persons with criminal tendencies (i.e. those who have not yet committed a criminal act) and the psychology of persons who have been released from prison; It also includes the psychology of the victim, the psychology of witnesses, the psychology of investigation, the psychology of interrogation, the psychology of trial, and the psychology of crime**. To put it simply, criminal psychology in a broad sense is considered to be the relevant content of judicial psychology as it studies both the psychology and behavior of offenders and the psychological part of countermeasures to fight crime.

Victimology: The first scholar to study the victim and the relationship between the victim and the offender was the German criminologist von Hint, who conducted a detailed and systematic study of the victim problem in 1941 and 1948 on the basis of a large number of survey statistics. To be a pioneer in the study of victimology.

In 1947, Israeli lawyer Beni Amin Madison first coined the term "victimology", and since then, victimology has increasingly attracted the attention of scholars in the United States, Japan, and some Western European countries, and has gradually developed into an independent discipline. At the Fifth International Conference on Criminology, held in Montreal, Canada, in 1966, victimology was included as one of the topics.

What the hell are you trying to ask?

Criminal psychology is a branch of psychology, which uses the analytical means and methods of psychology to study the psychology and behavior of criminal subjects. It mainly studies "what causes people to commit crimes" and the psychological reactions of people after committing crimes. This discipline studies offenders from a psychological point of view, collects information, and analyzes and interprets the information collected.

The "internalization" mechanism of criminal behavior is mainly to fundamentally expose the inducements of criminals to participate in crime, what factors and external incentives affect the brain activity of criminals, and what types of opportunities allow the consciousness of "decrime" to be embedded in the brains of criminals.

Before committing a crime, criminals have a psychological struggle. It's just that at that moment, the motive for the crime is more dominant in the mind. In the process of committing a crime, he is not doing whatever he wants, years of education and social influence, so that he not only wants to commit a crime, but also worries about being brought to justice, **After entering the scene, the criminal often appears at the scene of the crime in order to confirm the development of the matter.

Due to their different experiences and habits, there are also large differences in the psychological characteristics of different offenders.

The personality structure of criminals cannot be generalized, and they also have the personality of normal people before committing crimes, and their personality needs to be studied and compared with the socialized personality, because personality mutations have a decisive factor in criminal behavior.

After all, the purpose of studying criminal psychology is to carry out and prevent criminal behavior, avoid major social stability events, and save some people's lives, so this part of the research content is the ultimate goal of the entire criminal psychology research.