Properties and Uses of Hydrogen What are the properties of hydrogen?

What are the uses of hydrogen?

The details are as follows:

Physical properties of hydrogen: hydrogen is a colorless gas with a smaller density than air, at a pressure of 101 kPa, at a temperature, hydrogen can be converted into a colorless liquid; , it becomes a snow-like solid. At room temperature, hydrogen is very stable and does not easily react with other substances.

Chemical properties of hydrogen:

Flammability (can be burned in oxygen or chlorine): 2H2 + O2 = ignition = 2H2O (chemical reaction).

Ignition of impure hydrogen gas can occur**, it must be verified before igniting hydrogen, similarly, deuterium (heavy hydrogen) ignition in oxygen can produce heavy water.

H2 + Cl2 = ignition = 2HCl (chemical reaction).

H2+F2=2HF (hydrogen and fluorine gas are mixed immediately** to form hydrogen fluoride gas).

Reducibility (reducing certain metal oxides).

H2 + Cuo = Cu + H2O (displacement reaction).

3H2 + Fe2O3 = High temperature = 2Fe + 3H2O (displacement reaction).

3H2 + WO3W + 3H2O (displacement reaction).

Uses of Hydrogen:

Hydrogen is the main industrial raw material, and it is also the most important industrial gas and special gas, which has a wide range of applications in petrochemical, electronic industry, metallurgical industry, food processing, float glass, fine organic synthesis, aerospace, etc. At the same time, hydrogen is also an ideal secondary energy source.

In general, hydrogen is readily bound to oxygen. This property makes it a natural reducing agent for use in production to prevent oxidation. In high-temperature processing of glass manufacturing and in the manufacture of electronic microchips, hydrogen is added to nitrogen shielding gas to remove residual oxygen.

In the petrochemical industry, hydrogenation is required for refining by desulfurization and hydrocracking**.

Another important use of hydrogen is the hydrogenation of fats in margarine, cooking oils, shampoos, lubricants, household cleaners, and other products. Due to the high fuel properties of hydrogen, the space industry uses liquid hydrogen as fuel.

In the petrochemical industry, hydrogenation is required for refining by desulfurization and hydrocracking**. used as raw materials for synthetic ammonia, synthetic methanol and synthetic hydrochloric acid, and reducing agent for metallurgy; Due to the high fuel properties of hydrogen, the aerospace industry uses liquid hydrogen as a fuel for other purposes.

Hydrogen, with the chemical formula H and molecular weight, is a highly flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. It is a colorless and transparent, odorless and odorless gas that is insoluble in water. Hydrogen is the least dense gas known in the world, the density of hydrogen is only 1 14 of air, that is, at 1 standard atmosphere and 0, the density of hydrogen is.

Therefore, hydrogen can be used as a filling gas for airships and hydrogen balloons (because hydrogen is flammable and not safe, airships are now mostly filled with helium). Hydrogen is the substance with the smallest relative molecular weight, with strong reducibility, and is often used as a reducing agent to participate in chemical reactions.

Hydrogen (H2) was first artificially produced in the early 16th century by placing the metal in a strong acid.

1766 In 1781, Henry Cavendish discovered the element hydrogen, which was burned to produce water, according to which Lavoisier named it "hydrogenium" (meaning "substance that produces water", "hydro" means "water", "gen" means "generated", "ium"."is a universal suffix for elements).

In the 50s of the 19th century, when the British physician Hexin (1855) wrote the "New Edition of Naturalism" (1855), he translated "hydrogen" as "light gas", which means the lightest gas.

Chemical properties of hydrogen:

It is stable at room temperature, and can chemically react with many substances under the condition of ignition or heating.

1. Flammability (can be burned in oxygen or chlorine): 2H2 + O2 = ignition = 2H2O (chemical reaction).

2. Reducibility (reduction of certain metal oxides): H2 + Cuo = Cu + H2O (reduction reaction).

Physical properties of hydrogen:

1. Hydrogen is a colorless gas with a smaller density than air (among all gases, hydrogen has the lowest density.) Under standard conditions, the mass of 1 liter of hydrogen is grams, which is much lighter than air for the same volume).

2. Because hydrogen is insoluble in water, hydrogen can be collected by draining gas collection method.

3. At a pressure of 101 kPa, hydrogen can be converted into a light blue liquid at a temperature; , it becomes a snow-like solid.

4. If hydrogen is adsorbed by metals such as palladium or platinum, it has strong activity (especially adsorption by palladium). Palladium metal has the strongest adsorption effect on hydrogen.

5. When the volume fraction in the air is 4%-75%, it can cause fire source.

The properties of hydrogen: colorless and odorless, the density is grams under standard conditions, and it is insoluble in water. Turns into a colorless liquid at -252 and a snowflake-like solid at -259.

Hydrogen is stable at room temperature, and can react with many substances under the condition of ignition or heating.

Uses of Hydrogen:

1. In the meteorological department, it can be used for meteorological detection of hydrogen balloon filling.

2. It can be used as a propellant for aerospace fuel in the aerospace field.

3. Reducing agent for chemical reactions, hydrogenation reactions in petrochemical reactions.