What is the history of Oracle? The origin of the oracle

Develop. The oracle bone inscription is named because it is engraved on the tortoise shell and animal bones, and is the handwriting of the Yin Shang dynasty; The content is to record the divination of Pangeng to the king of Yin for 270 years, which is the earliest handwriting. Yin Shang has three major characteristics, the tortoise belly armor used for divination by King Wu Ding of Yin.

i.e., believing in history, drinking alcohol, and worshipping ghosts and gods; Because of this, these tortoise shells, which determine many things such as fishing, logging, and agriculture, can be rediscovered in later generations and become important materials for the study of Chinese characters. The Shang Dynasty already had excellent pen and ink, and the style of the book was thin and sharp because of the inscription, and it had the interest of a blade. Influenced by the rise and fall of literary style, it can be divided into five periods, which are introduced separately below.

1. Majestic period: From Pangeng to Wuding, about 100 years, influenced by the prosperity of Wuding, the calligraphy style is magnificent and majestic, which is the ultimate of oracle bone calligraphy. Generally speaking, the beginning of the pen is round, the end of the pen is more pointed, and the straight and straight are wrong, full of changes, no matter fat or thin, are extremely vigorous.

2. Cautionary period: From Zu Geng to Zu Jia, about 40 years. Both of them can be regarded as virtuous gentlemen, the calligraphy of this period is cautious, probably inheriting the wind of the early stage, abiding by the rules, and creating very little, but it is not as strong and bold as the early stage.

3. Decadence period: from Lixin to Kangding, about 14 years. This issue can be said to be the autumn of the withering style of the Yin Dynasty, although there are still a lot of neat book styles, but the staggered paragraphs are uneven, and they are not so regular, and some naïve, disorderly, and the number of typos is not uncommon.

Fourth, the steep period: from Wuyi to Wenwuding, about 17 years. Wenwu Ding is determined to be retro, trying to restore the majesty of the Wuding era, and the calligraphy style has turned into a strong and powerful, presenting the atmosphere of Zhongxing.

In the slender strokes, it has a very strong style. 5. Strict period: from Emperor B to Emperor Xin, about 89 years.

The style of calligraphy tends to be rigorous, slightly closer to the second period; The length is lengthened, the strictness is excessive, there is no disease of decadence, and there is no majestic posture. The thin handwriting on the oracle bone is also affected by knife engraving. Divination is often used to "yes" or "no" engraved on both sides of the tortoiseshell ** longitudinal line, since then the middle line to the left and right to write, so the two sides are symmetrical and harmonious, with the beauty of line symmetry.

And after the deed is engraved, the large and small characters are filled with ink and zhu respectively, or the front and back are filled with vermilion ink, which has a deeper artistic meaning and can be called a miracle of book history.

Content. Most of the content of the oracle bone inscriptions is a record of divination by the Yin Shang royal family. The people of the Shang Dynasty were superstitious about ghosts and gods, and they had to ask about big and small things, some of the content of divination was the weather and rain, some were agricultural harvests, and some were sick and begging for children, and hunting, fighting, sacrifices and other major events needed to be divined!

Therefore, the content of the oracle bone inscription can give a glimpse of the life of the Shang Dynasty people, and can also know the historical development of the Shang Dynasty.

The writing recorded on the oracle bones is called oracle bone inscription, and the origin of the oracle bone inscription can be traced back thousands of years to the Shang Dynasty. Legend has it that during the Shang Dynasty, people were very superstitious and the emperor generally asked a sorcerer to perform divination before making many important decisions. After the divination is completed, the shaman will record all the contents related to the divination on the oracle bone, thus gradually forming the oracle bone inscription.

Legend has it that during the Shang Dynasty, people were very superstitious and the emperor generally asked a sorcerer to perform divination before making many important decisions. After the divination is completed, the shaman will record all the contents related to the divination on the oracle bone, thus gradually forming the oracle bone inscription. Now, people can get a glimpse of the living conditions of the Shang Dynasty people from the content of the oracle bone inscriptions, and understand the structural characteristics of ancient Chinese architecture from the shape of the oracle bone inscriptions.

From the point of view of calligraphy, the horizontal skimming and sparse structure of these oracle bone inscriptions have begun to have the essence of calligraphy.

As the earliest systematic Chinese character in China, the oracle bone inscription has an important position in the history of the development of Chinese characters, and is also known as the originator of Chinese characters. Nowadays, oracle bone science has become a spectacular worldwide discipline, with more than 500 Chinese and foreign scholars engaged in research and more than 3,000 monographs published. It is of great significance to history, philology, archaeology, etc.

Oracle style type: one is vigorous and vigorous, the second is beautiful and lightweight, the third is neat and regular, the fourth is sparse and delicate, and the fifth is plump and clumsy. In short, although the oracle bone inscription is a carved text, it is full of meaning, mixed with all kinds of bodies, or the bones are open, and there is a sense of relaxation; Or fine silk show, with the style of hairpins, between the lines, there is the beauty of calligraphy.

Good!!! The content of the oracle is very rich.

OracleIt is a cultural product of the Shang Dynasty (about the 17th century BC - the 11th century BC), with a history of about 3,600 years.

The oracle bone inscription belongs to the divination of the royal family and the nobles in the capital of the Yin Shang dynasty from the 14th to the 11th centuries BC.

Inscriptions and inscriptions are also the earliest written ancient writing documents in China. The inscription carrier is mainly the cow shoulder blade.

and tortoise shells, which also include the bones of other animals. Its content provides a unique and valuable first-hand historical material for the study of China's long and splendid civilization history and the inheritance of the early state and humanities and society.

The oracle bone inscription is comparable to the two river basins of West Asia.

Clay cuneiform inscriptions dating back to about 5,500 years ago, the Nile River in North Africa.

The mouth was discovered in ancient Egypt 5,000 years ago.

The inscription script of the holy book and the later derivation of the papyrus monk cursive script, ancient India around 2000 BC.

The seal script and the Mayan script invented by the American people in the early A.D. complement each other, and are the five classical scripts in the development process of human society in the world.

There are four main items in the record:

a) Processed and scraped tortoise shells and animal bones are kept by a special responsible diviner. The diviner carved on the edges of them a memorabilia describing the ** and storage of these oracle bones, saying"Notes"；

2) During divination, the diviner uses a burning bauhinia pillar to cauterize and drill a nest groove to crack the front of the bone"Bu"The shape of the crack, this crack is called"Bu Zhao"It is the basis for inferring the good fortune of the matter. Under the oracle bone omen of the earlier era, the number in the order of divination is engraved, and this kind of number is also called"Megasequence"；

3) The main part of the oracle bone inscription is the divination, that is, the inscription that records the progress and results of the divination activity after the hail divination activity. Most of them are engraved on the front of the oracle bone, and some are engraved on the reverse side;

4) The table of cadres and branches with the names of 60 stem branches composed of the heavenly stems (A, B, C, D, E, G, G, XIN, NON, and 癸) and the earthly branches (Zi, Chou, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu, Hai) can be said to be the earliest calendar in China.

1. The improvement of Chinese cultural history is of great significance to the study of the formation and evolution of Chinese characters.

2. The best evidence of the history of Chinese business culture. The discovery of the Shang Dynasty oracle bone inscription shows the existence of the Shang Dynasty in the form of real characteristics, before the discovery of the oracle bone inscription, Westerners only recognized the Zhou Dynasty as the earliest dynasty in China, and the previous historical right should be a myth.

3. The information on the oracle bone inscription provides the most primitive and authentic current affairs and life of the Shang Dynasty for future generations.

4. The emergence of writing is one of the important symbols of the birth of civilization (the other two symbols are cities and countries), and the history of a nation can only be called the history of civilization after the appearance of writing, and it was called prehistoric society before. The oracle bone inscription is the oldest script in China, and its discovery has greatly advanced the beginning of the history of Chinese civilization.

Oracle bone inscription has an extremely important position in the long history of the development of Chinese characters, and it is well-deserved as the originator of modern Chinese characters. The germination of Chinese characters in China appeared in the carved symbols on pottery shards in the late Neolithic period. The oracle bone inscription is a valuable resource for the study of paleographies.

Chinese writing sprouted earlier, in the Neolithic Age Yangshao culture pottery, a variety of carved symbols were found, became the prototype of Chinese writing, after two or three thousand years of gestation, development, to the Shang Dynasty, Chinese writing reached the basic maturity stage.

The oracle bone inscription originated in the Shang Dynasty and is one of the ancient calligraphy styles in China. The Shang Dynasty's oracle bone inscriptions were originally engraved on tortoise shells or animal bones, and their main purpose was to record the content of divination. Later, the words on tortoise shells or animal bones gradually formed oracle bone inscriptions.

In the Shang and Zhou dynasties, this era of bronze as the main material for the production of objects transitioned the initial oracle bone inscriptions to the Jin inscriptions, which refer to the inscriptions cast on bronzes, which were especially popular in the Zhou Dynasty and lasted for a long time.

After Qin Shi Huang unified China, in order to consolidate his rule and strengthen his power, the Qin Dynasty implemented the policy of "the same book and the same track", and unified weights and measures and rails and many other measures that were originally self-contained in each country. Under the instruction of Qin Shi Huang and the management of Prime Minister Li Si, the script was gradually simplified from the large seal used in the previous Qin state to the small seal, and at the same time the fonts of other countries were abolished, creating a unified writing form, which had a particularly far-reaching impact on later dynasties.

In the Han Dynasty, a new style of writing evolved, namely Lishu. Lishu is also known as Han Li, the font written out of the whole is flattened, long and curved, when writing, pay attention to "silkworm head and goose tail, wave and three folds, want left first right", the font as a whole is rectangular.

From the Tang, Song, Wei and Jin dynasties, Chinese characters have evolved into regular script, line script, cursive writing methods, according to legend Xingshu is the Han Dynasty Liu Desheng created, between regular script and cursive script, write the clouds and water, with the pen flexible, many calligraphers are good at this font.

During this period, many famous calligraphers emerged in ancient China, who had their own style of writing, which had a profound impact on later generations of calligraphers, and also became a valuable asset in the history of the evolution of writing.

Summary. The earliest oracle bone inscriptions found today date from the Wuding period of the Shang Dynasty (1271 BC to 1213 BC). The oracle bone inscription is a kind of writing in the Yin Shang period, which was engraved or written on tortoise shells (mostly abdominal armor) and animal bones (mostly cow blades) with sharp weapons.

Historical value: 1, it fills in the gaps in the story and legend, and pushes the period with historical records back by hundreds of years 2, proves the authenticity of the records about the Shang Dynasty, and makes the Shang Dynasty a messenger 3, understands the historical overview of the Shang Dynasty 4, proves the correctness of the "Historical Records" 5, and provides material for the origin of Chinese characters.

The earliest oracle bone inscriptions found in Hanmai are from the Shang Dynasty's Wanmu Wuding era (1271 BC to 1213 BC). The oracle bone inscription is a kind of writing in the Yin Shang period, which was engraved or written on tortoise shells (mostly abdominal armor) and animal bones (mostly cow blades) with sharp weapons. Historical Value:

1, it fills the gap of the story and legend buried in Lao Sen, and pushes the period with historical records back by hundreds of years 2, proves the authenticity of the records about the Shang Dynasty, and makes the Shang Dynasty a messenger 3, understands the historical overview of the Shang Dynasty 4, proves the correctness of the "Historical Records" 5, and provides materials for the origin of Chinese characters.

What about the historical value of the inscriptions in the hinterland?

Wait, Li Gui, an early bronze of the Western Zhou Dynasty, was unearthed in 1976 in Lingkou Town, Lintong County, Shaanxi Province, and is now in the collection of the National Museum of China. The height of the Ligui Tong is 28 cm, the diameter is 22 cm, and the weight is kilograms. Extravagant mouth, drum belly, double beast bridge pin earlobe, square seat circle foot, the shape of the instrument is similar to the heavenly death, which is a typical style of the early Western Zhou Dynasty.

The belly and square seat are decorated with gluttonous patterns and quilt patterns, and the circle feet are decorated with quilt patterns and cloud and thunder patterns. There is an inscription at the bottom of the abdomen with very important historical value, experts have made a date on the charcoal sample unearthed in Ligui, and the famous "King Wu Zhengshang" battle in ancient history has an absolute age: the time of King Wu's expedition is January 20, 1046 BC.

National Humanities and History" rated the Lixiao Sen as the treasure of the nine towns and the country!

All of them have provided great help to the study of history.

The historical significance of the oracle bone inscription is as follows: 1. It strongly proves the authenticity of the existence of the Shang Dynasty in the history of our country; 2. The study of the formation and evolution of Chinese characters is of great significance; 3. The history of Chinese culture has been improved, and the information on the Qing bone inscription next to Jiazhen has provided the most primitive and authentic current affairs and life of the Shang Dynasty for future generations, which has been of great help to modern historical research.

Activation. Data development.

The oracle bone inscription is the earliest known systematic script in China, and most of them are divination records of the Yin Shang royal family, which contain rich information about social life.

The oracle bone inscription has the three elements of shape, sound and meaning of the characters, which conforms to the function of the six books and is an important material for the study of the original configuration of Chinese characters and the earliest form of Chinese grammar. The font configuration and rhetorical style of the oracle bone inscription are in line with the structure of today's Chinese characters and modern Chinese, and play an important role in the study of ancient Chinese characters.

The discovery of the oracle bone inscription rewrote the record of the history of world civilization, advanced the history of Chinese letters by more than 1,000 years, and led to the excavation of the Shang capital Yinxu, which contributed to the birth of modern archaeology in China, and made a new beginning in the academic trajectory of China in the 20th century.