After the Ming Dynasty unified China, did the descendants of the original Jin Dynasty in the north c

At that time, there was no concept of China, and there was no concept of nation and state. For a long time, the Han people were called Han people, not as an ethnic group, and they could not be called China. At that time, the relationship between the minority and the Central Plains regime was the relationship between the ** and the border areas, and when the ** became strong, he was attached to the ** regime as a minority in the peripheral border areas, accepted canonization, and was actually self-managed internally.

The stronger a ** regime, the greater the expansion of the frontiers, and the more dependent ethnic groups there are. ** When the regime declines, ethnic minorities become independent, and their names are no longer needed, or even replaced.

Specific to the Jin Kingdom, the Jurchen tribe was actually divided into two parts at that time, and one part had mixed and intermarried with the Han people for many years, and I am afraid that they had forgotten their ethnic identity and had long regarded themselves as Han Chinese. In the Yuan Dynasty, the Khitans, Jurchens, and Han people in the north were all called Han Chinese, and they were the third class, higher than the Han people in the south. The other part is still in the tribal era, and they are basically the original Jurchens, such as the later Nurhachi's Aixin Jueluo tribe, which is the kind of ethnic minority dependence on the ** regime.

Their family also inherited the official position canonized by the Ming Dynasty, but when the Ming Dynasty weakened, they rebelled and replaced them.

In addition, there is no question of whether the Jin Kingdom recognizes itself as Chinese, and the Jin Dynasty has always made it clear that it is the orthodox Chinese Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty is affiliated with the Children's State, and the Jin Dynasty is China.

The Han people in the Central Plains did not kill any Jurchens, the Mongols did not slaughter many young people, and after the war, the Jin State Wanyan clan still had a marquis in the Yuan Dynasty, and the so-called history of being basically killed was purely imaginary.

This issue is very controversial.

Isn't it Chinese who are ** people?

It can be said that in the early days, when it was still outside the customs, Nurhachi was called the emperor, and the country name was not "Qing", but still used "Jin", and was known as "Houjin" in history.

The Manchus, generally believed, are the descendants of the Jurchens, with the three Jurchen tribes, the Bohai Jurchen, the Jianzhou Jurchen, and the Savage Jurchen, among which the Jianzhou Jurchen is the main body.

But this is only a political or national concept, and does not represent race. Many Chinese confuse politics, ethnicity, and race.

All ethnic groups, especially large ethnic groups, are mixed-race, and for thousands of years, different ethnic groups and different races have been constantly mixed. It is precisely in this process that the old nation has continuously withdrawn from the stage of history, and the new nation has continued to step onto the stage of history.

The Manchus in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties had Jurchen ancestry in the Tang and Song dynasties, as well as Khitan and Mongol, including Han blood. The reverse is also true, in history, the Han people in any period are also mixed-race, including the blood of the Han people in earlier periods, and also the blood of other ethnic groups.

Therefore, it is correct to say that all human beings are one family, and this is a healthy view of history, nationality, and politics.

Relationship between Jin and the Qing Dynasty:

Jin and Qing Dynasty both belong to the same ethnic origin, the Jin Dynasty is a Jurchen tribe, and the Qing Dynasty is also a Jurchen tribe, so the Qing Taizu Nurhachi called himself the emperor of the Later Jin regime.

The main body of Jin is the Jurchen, the Jurchen originated in the Northeast Hidden Sedan Plain, Jin in the late Southern Song Dynasty was destroyed by the Song and Yuan Dynasty, part of the retreat to the Northeast and the Outer Northeast and combined with the local aborigines to form the later Ming Dynasty Jianzhou Jurchen.

In the Ming Dynasty, Nurhachi arose, Aixinjue Luo re-established the Jin State, known as the Later Jin Dynasty in history, due to the Jin and Song feuds and the main ethnic group of the Song Dynasty is the Han nationality, and there are many Han people in the Northeast who are not conducive to ruling and not conducive to entering the Central Plains, so they changed the Jin to the homonym of the Qing Dynasty to the Jurchen Manchus. <>

Categories: Culture Art >> historical topics.

Problem description: Was the Qing Dynasty a descendant of the Jin Kingdom? The Jin State ruled northern China for more than 100 years, and it has become very advanced, and has compiled more than 10 dynasties to obtain the Jin Shilu, and the Jurchen people have also written many books. If the Qing Dynasty was a descendant of the Jin Dynasty after the fall of the Jin State, why did it become so backward?

Is there any writing in Jin before and after the extinction?

Analysis: Although the Qing Dynasty was a post-Jin dynasty, it was different in nature. Just like the Northern Qi and Qi countries, there is a lot of difference between the front and back. Even if the original Qing Dynasty people are left behind, but after so many years, there will be an inevitable phenomenon that things will be reversed.

The Jin people of the Song Dynasty are now the Manchus of China, the Jin Dynasty is a feudal dynasty established by the Jurchen people in Chinese history, a total of ten emperors, enjoy the country for one hundred and twenty years, in 1115, Wanyan Agu unified the Jurchen tribes, and expelled the rule of the Khitan, and established the Jin Dynasty.

In 1615, Nurhachi, the leader of the Jurchens in Jianzhou, called Khan the founding of the country in Hetuala, on the bank of the Erdao River in Xinbin County, and the country was called "Dajin", and it was known as Houjin in history. In 1635, Huang Taiji was changed to Manchu, and in 1644, the Qing Dynasty established by the Manchus entered the Central Plains, becoming the second dynasty in Chinese history to unify ethnic minorities.

Culture. The Manchus have their own language, script. The Manchu language belongs to the Manchu-Tungusic branch of the Altaic language family.

The Manchu script was created at the end of the 16th century. In the Song and Jin dynasties, the Jurchens had their own scripts, and the early Jurchen scripts were syllabic scripts born from Chinese characters, but they have been lost for a long time.

At the end of the 16th century, after Nurhachi unified the northeastern provinces, he spelled the Manchu pronunciation in the Mongolian alphabet, and the shape was minyu into a new script, called "Old Manchu". During the Huang Taiji period, circles were added to the borrowed Mongolian alphabet to distinguish phonetics, which was called circled Manchu or "new Manchu".

As an official language, Manchu was used for a long time in the Qing Dynasty, and once became a widely used language throughout the country, leaving a large number of archival materials, and becoming a treasure in the treasure house of the Chinese nation's cultural heritage. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the Manchu language was gradually abandoned, and the Manchus basically used the northern dialect of Chinese, only the banner people and the flag book**, and the Manchu language must still be used on some specific occasions.

By the 80s of the 20th century, the Manchu language had disappeared, except for a few elderly people of the Xibe ethnic group in the northeast and Xinjiang, who could still use the Manchu language. However, as a language that was once widely spoken, Manchu has left a deep imprint on the Chinese dialects in many places. Today, there are still a large number of Manchu phonetics and vocabulary in the Chinese language in various parts of Northeast China and in Beijing and other places.

The descendants of the garrison banner people who stayed all over the country mostly spoke the northern dialects mixed with local pronunciation, forming "dialect islands" one by one.

The Jin people of the Song Dynasty were the ancestors of the modern Manchus, and they had an antagonistic relationship with the Mongols in the past.

1. Relationship with the Manchus:

A Jurchen tribe that first appeared in the 7th century. The Jurchen people in the literature of the Yuan Dynasty have other names such as Nuzhi, Shui Dada, My Savage, Beggar Fans, and Guwei.

In Mongolian, the Jurchen is called Aletan, and it is called the Golden Emperor Altan Khan, which was originally the ethnic name of all Jurchens. In the first year of Yongle of the Ming Dynasty (1403), Emperor Zhu Di of the Ming Dynasty sent people to the Heilongjiang and Ussuri River valleys to appease the Jurchen people.

Jurchen, the original work "Zhu Li Zhen", also known as "Zhu Li Tuote", "Master Er Che Ti", "Master Er Tu Ti", "Clumsy Ercha Gang", Manchu called "Zhu Shen", "Zhu Shen". In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the Central Plains people called them Tatars, Tatars, Northern Soldiers, etc., and their armies were called captives.

On October 13, the ninth year of Jin Tiancong (1635), Huang Taiji issued an order to change the name of the clan to Jurchen to Manchuria, and from then on, the name of Manchuria officially appeared.

2. Relationship with the Mongolian people:

The national oppression and economic plundering of the Jurchens forced them to rebel many times. During the reign of Yuan Shizu, "Nuzhi" and Shui Dada took advantage of Naiyan's rebellion to "connect" with Naiyan and rebelled against the rule of the Mongol aristocracy. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, there were Jurchens living in Liaodong who locked the fire slaves and rebelled, claiming to be the "descendants of the Great Jin", although they were suppressed by the Mongol nobles, but they impacted the rule of the Yuan Dynasty and accelerated the demise of the Yuan Dynasty.

The Jin Dynasty occupied the capital of the Yellow River Basin in Beijing, and ruled over the area with the majority of Han people, and culturally the Jin Dynasty also completely absorbed the Han culture, with strong national strength and economic development, as if it was a true dynasty, and the people of the House were contemptuous of the Southern Song Dynasty who fled to a corner of the southern part of the Yangtze River, believing that they ruled a group of uncivilized Nanban minorities, and they lost the qualification of the authentic dynasty. So he called himself a Han and called the Southern Song Dynasty a barbarian.

During the prosperous period of the Khitan Dynasty, a large number of Han people came to the Khitan Kingdom to escape the local secession, and the cession of Youyun Sixteen Continents made the Khitan Kingdom more Han than the Khitans, so the Khitan people were very sinicized. After the Jin destroyed the Liao, most of the Jin people were also sinicized. Since the Yellow River valley was regarded as the orthodoxy of Chinese civilization, in the eyes of the Mongols, Liaojin was the territory of the Han Chinese, the Jin Dynasty was called China by the Mongols, and the Southern Song Dynasty became a "barbarian state".

The name Nanban originated in the pre-Qin period and was a degrading name for the southern ethnic groups of the Central Plains. Because of the status of Han culture, the Liao and Jin both hoped to inherit the orthodox status of the Han after occupying the Central Plains, so they liked to call themselves Han people to the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Southern Song Dynasty was defeated in the battle with the Liao and Jin, and was in the south, so they were called the little barbarians with contempt by the Liao and Jin people.