What rules are followed to define terms

An overview of term definitions.

Traditional logic divides the concepts of subject and predicate that can be used as direct propositions from different perspectives.

Singular terms and general terms.

Words whose extension is a single thing are called individual terms, also known as individual terms, such as "Lu Xun", "Moon", etc. Some individual terms use time and space constraints, such as "First Sino-Japanese Naval Battle"; or include adjectives that indicate the highest degree, such as "the highest peak in the world"; or include ordinal numbers, such as "the first person to reach Antarctica"; Or include "this", "that", etc., such as "that satellite of the Earth". They are capable of indicating specific, individual things, and are called gacsimiles.

The term of the class whose extension is the composition of a number of things is a general term, such as "commodity". Adjectives such as "red" express universal terms, and their extension is the class of all red things. Verbs such as "plant" also express universal terms, and their extension is a productive activity.

The phrase "author of the Communist Manifesto" also expresses a universal term, the extension of which is not a single individual.

Collective terms. A collective, or collective, is not the same as a class made up of the individual things that make up the collective. For example, the collective of forests is different from the class of forests; The working class as a collective is different from the class of workers.

The term that reflects the collective is the collective term or collective term. Some collective terms are separate, such as "Chinese People's Liberation Army"; Some collective terms are universal, such as "forest", "nation". In the process of thinking, it is easy to confuse the collective terms expressed by a certain word with the universal terms of the class composed of the individual things that make up the collective.

For example, in "Lu Xun's ** is no more than 30,000 words", "Lu Xun's **" is a universal term, not a collective term; However, the "Lu Xun's" in "Lu Xun's ** is not something that can be read in one day" is a separate collective term.

Positive and negative terms.

Also known as positive terms and negative terms. Terms with the negative words "no", "not", etc., are negative terms, and negative terms reflect things that do not have a certain property, such as "non-metal". Without a negative word is a positive term, and a positive term reflects something with a certain attribute.

The extension of the term "a" is class a, and the extension of the negative term "non-a" is a complement to class a, class a. Complements are always relative to a particular range, which is called the domain. For example, if we take chemical elements as the domain, "non-metal" only refers to elements such as oxygen and carbon, and does not refer to things such as animals and houses.

Absolute and relative terms.

Terms that reflect something of a certain nature are absolute, such as "commodity". Words that reflect a relationship are relative, such as "exploiter" and "exploited", "cause" and "effect", etc.

I don't understand what the landlord means.