What is the waterproof plugging method that should be taken for basement leakage?

Basement waterproofing features:1Moisture or moisture, affecting waterproof construction; 2.

The span is large, and it is affected by various external factors, resulting in cracks; 3.After leakage, it is difficult to repair and the maintenance cost is extremely high; 4.The basement is flooded for a long time in all directions.

Causes of serious water leakage in the project: water channeling, cracks, damage, aging Water channeling causes: After the local failure of the flexible waterproof layer, the groundwater will pass through the flexible waterproof layer and enter the outer wall of the structural layer, under the action of groundwater pressure, the water will split the channel between the flexible waterproof layer and the outer surface of the structural concrete, and when it encounters the self-waterproof failure part of the structural concrete, it will penetrate the concrete and enter the basement to produce leakage.

Causes of local failure of structural concrete rigid self-waterproofing: 1) Concrete raw materials are difficult to strictly control, resulting in the lack of concrete performance. First, naturally mined sand and gravel or artificially crushed sand and gravel are difficult to meet the ideal grading requirements, and can not reach the ideal impermeability curve.

A well-known brand in the waterproof maintenance industry, Second, the gradation of sand, stone, cement and water is difficult to be uniform and accurate. The gray-sand ratio is large, the amount of sand is small, the amount of cement is large, and the concrete shrinks greatly and cracks are generated. On the contrary, there is more sand, less cement, and the cement cannot fully wrap the sand, and the mixing is dry, lacks cohesion, and the concrete compactness is not enough.

Thirdly, the mud content of sand and stone is often too large, exceeding the required 2%. Fourth, the understanding of the admixture is improper, and the appropriate amount of water reducer is very effective, but it is often keen on the expansion agent. The expansion agent is effective in the early stage, and the cracks increase in the later stage.

2) The cause of the defects in the quality of local construction and pouring of structural concrete. The passage that is produced because the concrete structure is not tight, including the concrete vibration in pouring is not solid or the construction process appears suspended, and the old concrete is not operated according to the construction joint, and the ribbon concrete is formed locally loose; The formwork is not tightly erected, resulting in gaps and slurry leakage, and the local concrete formed is not compact.

Grouting and caulking method: remove the filling in the original deformation joint, clean it to the surface of the waterstop, rinse it clean, that is, use the quick-setting water-stopping material to carry out pipe pumping, burial pipe, and water diversion operations, the groove should not be filled, so as to leave room for the caulking, bury a grouting nozzle at certain intervals, and after the quick-setting material reaches a certain strength, the elastic plugging slurry can be poured through the pressure of the grouting nozzle, and the deformation joint is no longer watered. Then the upper part of the groove of the deformation joint that has stopped water is filled with an expanded rubber waterstop strip or elastic sealing material with the same width as the joint, and the surface is poured concrete buried or smoothed with cement mortar.

After grouting and stopping water and embedding elastic sealing material on the deformation joint, a synthetic polymer rubber sheet with high elongation and high tensile strength can be pasted on the protective layer of cement mortar. The specific method is: the cement mortar protective layer is cleaned up, the base layer is required to be smooth and dry, the base layer treatment agent is painted on the base layer, and after its surface is dry, the supporting adhesive is painted on the base and the cut sheet, and the polymer sheet can be pasted when the finger touch is not sticky.

The edges on both sides of the sheet are padded with metal strips and fixed with nail pressing, and then the edges on both sides of the sheet are sealed with caulking paste to form a multi-channel waterproof fortification.

Clean the base layer: remove the original materials and impurities in the expansion joint to the specified depth (generally 7 250px deep), and rinse it with water. Fixed grouting channel and grouting pipe:

Use a rapid plugging agent (liquid or powder) to mix ordinary Portland cement above grade to fix the grouting channel-PE foam strip, and bury a grouting pipe every 1250px or so when fixing the PE foam strip. The grouting pipe adopts 10 13mm pressure-resistant rubber hose, which is used as both a diversion pipe and a grouting pipe. Grouting plugging:

From the bottom of the injection polymer grouting material - grouting plugging king, grouting pressure control between, to be grouting next to a hole slurry can stop grouting can be stopped, close the valve, and then from another hole grouting in turn, and then in turn, after all the grouting is completed, observe whether there is leakage, if there is still leakage in individual places, you can supplement the grouting from the nearest hole until there is no leakage. Cutting the grouting pipe: After grouting for 24 hours, under the condition of confirming that there is no leakage, cut off all the grouting pipes and dry the interface with a blowtorch.

Cleaning interface: Use a wire brush to remove impurities and debris from the skin caused by blowing torch baking. Construction Flexible Materials:

Apply 50 60mm thick PG321 two-component polysulfide sealant in the seam, and paste T-shaped 300mm wide and 20mm thick two-component polysulfide sealant outside. After the polysulfide sealant has cured, the compressive sealant is used as the last semi-rigid protective layer.

The technical points of basement waterproof plugging are very important, and the formulation of the key points is to better solve the practical problems. Zhongda Consulting will introduce the technical points of basement waterproof plugging.

Operational points. Before construction, the line should be elasticated and test-paved to make the position of the coil paving accurate. When laying the coil, it is necessary to grasp the heating degree of the hot melt adhesive, if the heating is insufficient, the coil and the base surface are not firmly bonded; If the heating is excessive, the hot melt adhesive will become brittle, which will seriously reduce the quality of the waterproof layer.

To this end, it is required that the base layer and the bottom surface of the coil are evenly heated at the same time during baking, and when the hot melt adhesive on the surface of the linoleum melts into bright black, the coil is rolled with a pressure roller, and the air under the coil is discharged to make it paste firmly. The lap width of the coil shall not be less than 100mm, and the strength of the lap seam bonding and extrusion shall be subject to the extrusion of the hot melt adhesive, and the overflowing hot melt adhesive shall be scraped flat with a scraper while it is hot, and sealed tightly along the edge. The construction site shall have fire prevention facilities and shall not be constructed at the same time as solvent coatings.

Paint application procedures.

Inspect and clean the base layer > node sealing treatment > waterproof coating > layered waterproof coating > inspect, clean and maintain > protective layer.

Key points of paint application.

Attention should be paid to the lap width of the cleaning and sealing treatment of the node, and the mix ratio of the waterproof material should be appropriately adjusted (weight ratio, this project is transparent liquid: black liquid 1:2).

The prepared 911 waterproof coating is evenly scraped on the surface of the base layer with a rubber sheet for 6 times, and the next coating can be carried out after the last coating is basically dry, and the material is kilogram square meters each time.

Waterproofing treatment at the underground anti-floating anchors.

The anti-floating anchor rod of the basement floor is made of rebar with a diameter of 40mmL, and the anchorage section of the bottom plate is 900mm longBefore construction, each anchor rod should be cleaned and inspected, and if it is found that the leakage should be removed along the groove around the anchor rod, and the leakage should be plugged with a "water stopper". If there is no leakage, the bolt itself is rusted, and then an expansion water-stopping ring is installed at 200mm away from the pad layer to achieve the purpose of water stopping.

The polyurethane waterproof coating is applied to the water-stop ring and laps with the membrane 500mm wide on the cushion layer.

Main technical measures.

1) The waterproofing of the exterior wall of the basement adopts the "external anti-external sticking (coating) method", that is, the façade membrane is directly paved or painted on the waterproof structure.

2) The flexible waterproof layer of the engineering pile should be paved to the perimeter of the pile and sealed with sealing materials. The pile head is covered with 20mm thick polymer cement mortar, 50mm wide beyond the edge of the pile, to cover the flexible waterproof layer. The strength grade of polymer cement mortar should not be lower than the strength grade of the core of the engineering pile.

3) In order to enhance the waterproof effect of the membrane, the membrane at the construction joint of the bottom plate is paved across the construction joint, and an additional layer of membrane with a width of 2m is built in the two layers of membrane.

4) The exterior wall of the basement of this project is equipped with 4 300mm wide post-pouring belts, and its waterproofing adopts the method of three-layer polyurethane waterproof layer sandwiched with two-layer fiberglass cloth, and 500mm with the waterproof layer of the outer wall

5) After the flexible waterproof layer is completed, the protective layer must be made in time. The specific method is to pour 40mm thick plain concrete on the membrane waterproofing, and scrape 20mm thick cement mortar on the polyurethane on the exterior wall. Take care to avoid digging holes in the finished waterproofing surface.

1. Water seepage at the root of the wall: First of all, when building the basement wall, it is necessary to ensure the fullness of the masonry mortar and avoid leakage from the brick joint; Secondly, before plastering the inside and outside of the outer wall, the root should be cleaned to ensure that the root plastering is dense and in place, and if necessary, the yin corner of the outside of the wall and the foundation should be made into a figure-eight corner; Secondly, to ensure that the bottom elevation of the waterproof mortar on the outside of the wall is higher than the indoor elevation of the basement.

2. For the deformation joint: often use the foam board to fill the inside of the joint, then plug with asphalt hemp wire, and then use the ointment to do two cloths and three coatings on the outside, which not only ensures the deformation of the deformation joint, but also ensures the waterproof effect, and the protective wall should be built outside the waterproof layer, the width is 120 wider than each side of the waterproof layer, and the gap between the waterproof layers of the protective wall is filled with cement mortar, so as to avoid damaging the waterproof layer when the foundation pit is backfilled.

3. The pipeline passes through the wall hole in the basement, after the pipeline is installed, it is smashed with dry hard cement mortar or plain cement around it, and then the waterproof mortar is smeared on the side, and after the waterproof mortar is dried, the polyurethane waterproof coating film is brushed twice in the range greater than the outer diameter of the pipeline 35mm.

4. The heating pipe passes through the wall hole in the basement, taking into account the thermal expansion and cold contraction of the pipeline, after the pipeline is installed, the wall hole is smashed with asphalt hemp wire, the outside of the wall is smeared with cement mortar, and the polyurethane cool waterproof membrane is also brushed twice.

5. For the water seepage at the scattered water part, the waterproof mortar of the outer wall should be about 150mm higher than the scattered water or the top side of the foot should be done to ensure that the moisture-proof layer of the scattered water part is not opened, and the ointment joint at the place of the loose water and the foot should be filled; In order to ensure the moisture-proof effect and avoid water seepage, the basement wall must be built with cement mortar, and the ash joints must be full.

6. Water seepage through the joints of the wall, before masonry, the surface of the brick is moistened with water, and then the mortar is laid; When masonry, ensure that the mortar of the mortar of the mortar is dense and full, and the mortar joints should be hooked; Before plastering the exterior wall, the plaster joints should be checked first, and if there are undense places, the joints should be strengthened.

7. In order to avoid the influence of surface water or groundwater on the basement, a flexible waterproof layer should also be made on the outside of the wall, and then a waterproof layer should be made on the outside, the waterproof layer is generally made of 2:8 gray soil, and its section is inverted trapezoidal, the minimum width of the lower part is not less than 500mm, and the upper width is 500mm wider than the scattered water, if the outer wall has a horizontal moisture-proof layer, the elevation of the bottom of the waterproof layer should be lower than the elevation of the horizontal moisture-proof layer 150 200mm; If there is no horizontal moisture-proof layer on the exterior wall, the bottom of the waterproof layer is 150 200mm lower than the indoor elevation of the basement; In addition, when the waterproof layer is laid on the roof of the garage, all operations on it should ensure that the waterproof layer is not damaged.

8. In terms of external factors, it is necessary to ensure that the outdoor ground drainage is smooth, and at the same time ensure that the outdoor ground is more than 20mm lower than the lowest part of the scattered water, and the outdoor drainage pipes should be kept unobstructed and not damaged, so as to avoid leakage to the outside; It is necessary to remove the stagnant water in the heating ditch in time, and through the management of outdoor seepage water sources, to prevent the emergence of seepage water sources, it is also a very important way to ensure that the basement seepage is avoided.

The grout should be filled with cracks as much as possible. If the crack can be completely sealed, other waterproofing failures will reduce new damage。Expand a certain waterproof area to ensure that damaged waterproofs and waterproofs that may continue to be damaged do not leak, and reduce maintenance after completion.

After the completion of the new project, it may take some time for the main body of the building to stabilize, and new cracks may appear, so try to consider the possible expansion of cracks during the construction process. For the leakage of concrete, it is mostly a single point or small surface or linear leakage point. A water-stop needle should be embedded in the borehole for grouting to prevent leakage.

If the situation is complicated, a combination of multiple blocking methods must be considered. For the leakage of fracture cracks, construction joints and post-pouring belts in concrete, buried grouting pipe or buried grouting waterstop needle can be used for grouting plugging respectively, and the plugging effect of buried grouting pipe is better than that of embedded grouting waterstop needle.

For the leakage of settlement joints, most of them are in the form of buried grouting pipes. The following preparations should be made before grouting: find cracks:

When there is stagnant water in the leaking part, clean up the stagnant water first, and carefully look for cracks when cleaning the base layer. For dry substrates, clean the surface with dust. Drilling:

Depending on the thickness of the concrete structure, the crack spacing is 150-350mm, and holes are drilled on both sides in the direction of the cracks. The hole spacing should be determined according to the actual situation of the site. Most often, there are 5-7 waterstop needles per meter of crack, and the cross-section of the hole to the crack should cross between 45 and 60 degrees.

The length of the waterstop needle should be greater than half the thickness of the concrete.

Buried water-stop needle: The water-stop needle is a kit, which is a connector that injects slurry into the crack. When embedding, the tool should be tightened to ensure that the rubber part of the needle does not slip out under high pressure

When burying the grouting pipe, first open the crack into a V-shaped groove, clean the tank with water, lower the grouting pipe, seal the groove with water above the grouting pipe, and then inject the grouting pipe into the grouting pipe. Generally, the buried pipe is cleaned on the same day and plugged the next day.

Use a low pump pressure at the beginning of the grouting and slowly increase the pressure until the grout flows out. During the grouting process, when it is observed that the grouting fluid completely replaces the water leakage in the crack and overflows, it means that the grouting fluid has completely filled the crack and the grouting nozzle can be terminated. Move to the adjacent grouting nozzle to continue grouting

The grouting of vertical cracks (including oblique joints) should be carried out sequentially from bottom to top; Grouting of horizontal cracks, including near-horizontal cracks, should be carried out from the inside to the outside or from one end to the other. After the grouting is completed, after the grouting material in the hole is solidified, the overflowing grouting material is removed to make the base surface clean and free of wet and water stains. The grouting machine should be cleaned immediately after the grouting is completed, and the grouting equipment and tools should be cleaned with a special cleaning agent.