What changes have Zen poetry brought to classical Chinese poetry?

The poet who used Zen to write poetry was Wang Wei.

Wang Wei (693 or 694 or 701 - 761), the word Maha, the name Maha. He is a native of Puzhou, Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi), and his ancestral home is Qi County, Shanxi. Tang Dynasty poet and painter.

Wang Wei was born in the Taiyuan Wang family, and was a Jinshi in the Kaiyuan period of Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, and was Taile Cheng in the ninth year of Kaiyuan (721).

The right of the officials has picked up the remains, supervised the imperial history, and made the judge of the Hexi Festival. During the Tianbao period, the worship of the Ministry of Langzhong and the matter were in the middle of the matter. When An Lushan captured Chang'an, he was forced to accept a false position. After Chang'an was recovered, he was appointed as the crown prince. During the first year of Tang Su Zongqian, he was appointed as Shangshu Youcheng, known as "Wang Youcheng".

Wang Wei Shen Zen enlightenment, proficient in poetry, calligraphy, sound and painting, with the name of poetry flourishing in Kaiyuan, Tianbao, especially long five words, many songs of landscape and pastoral, and Meng Haoran together called "Wang Meng", because of the sincerity of the Buddha, there is a "poetry Buddha" said. The calligraphy and painting are particularly exquisite, and later generations recommend it as the ancestor of Nanzong landscape painting.

He is the author of "Wang Youcheng Collection", with about 400 poems. Su Shi of the Northern Song Dynasty commented on the clouds: "The poems of the taste of Maha, there are paintings in the poems; Looking at the painting, there is poetry in the painting. Wang Wei's landscape idyll, while depicting the natural beauty, reveals the leisure and sparse taste of idle life.

Wang Wei became increasingly depressed from middle age, seeking sustenance in Buddhism and landscapes, and he claimed that "a realization of silence is a pleasure, and there is more than enough leisure in this life" ("Rice Covering the Busan Monk"). This sentiment is fully reflected in his poetry.

In the past, many people admired Wang Wei's poems, not only because of their high artistic skills, but also because they resonated with the leisure and negative thoughts embodied in them. Hu Yinglin of the Ming Dynasty called Wang Wei's five uniques "but entered Zen Buddhism", and said that the two poems "Birdsong Stream" and "Xinyiwu" are "two forgets of reading the life experience, and all thoughts are silent" ("Poetry"), which is a clear proof.

Not included in the study of Zen Buddhism by many poets.

Chinese Zen Buddhism is a religion developed from Indian Buddhism and fully expresses the traditional thought and character of the Chinese nation. Meditation is quiet contemplation. Zen Buddhism is named after meditation.

The original meaning of Zen is contemplation, pure intuitive experience and inner reflection, but this mental activity does not have to follow the necessary procedures of logical thinking to pursue a kind of liberation of the mind with clarity and tranquility, and the highest state is "forgetting the two things and the self, and the Brahman-self is one". After Sinicization, it was believed that in order to achieve this highest state, meditation, fasting, chanting sutras, and other practices were useless, and only "epiphany" was the only way. It should be said that this way of thinking became the artistic thinking of Chinese literati with the fusion of Zen Buddhism and scholars, and then became a trend.

During the Song and Ming dynasties, Yan Yu wrote "Canglang Poems" to use Zen metaphor poetry, use the language of Buddhism to talk about poetry, and create "wonderful enlightenment" and "interest theory". He said: "In general, Zen Tao is only in Miaowu, and poetry is also in Miaowu", pointing out the lyricism of poetry and the subtle beauty and harmony achieved by following the laws of artistic thinking.

Canglang Poetry is considered to be the most scholarly poetry in the Song Dynasty, and Yan Yu's "special interest" and "wonderful understanding" are important contributions to the history of aesthetics (see Ye Lang's Outline of the History of Chinese Aesthetics).

Poetry with Zen metaphor and poetry with Zen contains infinite wit, so that poetry enters a higher aesthetic realm, and its creation is mainly to promote the natural charm and wit of a poem, through the elaboration of poetry creation and aesthetics, feel the essence of poetry, divine thinking, and lyrical soul. The key to the artistic conception is the taste and enlightenment, which is connected with the ineffable "enlightenment" of Zen Buddhism. Therefore, poetry and Zen are interconnected, poetry adds literary brilliance to Zen, Zen increases the realm of poetry, and "poetry and Zen are one", which makes the Tang and Song Dynasty poems empty and spiritual, full of infinite reverie and wonderful realm, which has a far-reaching influence on Chinese poetry, but has not caused many poets to learn and worship.

a.Zen into the poem BZen on poetry cMany Zen poets D. appearedIt has led many poets to learn Zen Buddhism or envy.

The artistic conception of Zen Buddhism has a great influence on China's poetry and literature, and Zen poems emerge in an endless stream in China's poetry circle. The first period of Chinese poetry began in the early Tang Dynasty, from Shangguan Ti (Shangguan Yi) to the four masters of the early Tang Dynasty, and the so-called Du Xianyan and Song Zhiwen in the post-martial era"Jinglong Literature", the rustic atmosphere of the early Tang Dynasty.

Later, it became the literature of Kaiyuan and Tianbao, such as Li, Du, Wang, Meng, Wei Yingwu, Liu Changqing, and the Ten Regiments of the Great Calendar shouted talents, etc., which obviously added elements of Buddha and Zen Taoism. Then it became the poetry style of Yuanhe and Changqing, and even the late Tang Dynasty literature such as Du Mu, Wen Tingyun, Li Shangyin, etc., all of which were in and out of Buddhism and Taoism, and they were all stained with Zen flavor, creating a unique fragrant atmosphere and eternal charm of Tang poetry and literature.

Answer]: Zen fun.

Analysis: The role and influence of Buddhism on the art of Tang poetry can be divided into three situations: using Zen language to enter poetry, Zen fun to poetry, and Zen method to poetry. The most negative impact of the prevalence of Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty on the art of poetry creation was to incorporate Zen language into poetry, and the most positive influence of Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty on poetry creation was to use Zen to enter this chaotic poem.

The development of imagery criticism in ancient poetry in China has gone through five stages, namely, the germination period, the formation period, the flourishing period, the deepening period, and the perfection period. Its characteristics are mainly manifested in three aspects: metaphor, tension and aesthetics.

Buddhism was introduced to China during the Han Dynasty, and the Tang Dynasty was a heyday of its development, which had a certain influence on the art of Tang poetry.

Many poets and some eminent monks have been in close proximity, and it is inevitable that they will study the principles of life or write poems to praise them. Wang Wei's poems are more representative, many of which are quite Zen. Many of the reclusive poems, pastoral poems, and philosophical poems in Tang poetry are in harmony with Zen theory, so that the poet can find another psychological sustenance and reach another realm.

1. Several classic poems in Wang Wei's "Rim River Collection" represent "Xinyiwu": "Wood powder hibiscus flowers, red calyx in the mountains. The stream is lonely, and they open and fall. ”

Lu Chai": "I don't see people in the empty mountains, but I hear people's voices." Return to the deep forest, and revisit the moss. ”

"Zhuli Pavilion": "Sitting alone in the secluded fence, playing the piano and howling. People in the deep forest don't know, and the bright moon comes to take pictures. ”

2. Meng Haoran's "Song of Returning to Lumen at Night": "The bell of the mountain temple is dusk in the morning, and the Yuliang ferry is noisy. People followed the sand bank to Jiangcun, and Yu also returned to Lumen by boat. The moon shines on the smoke tree in Lumen, and suddenly arrives at the hidden place of Pang Gong. The pine path of the rock is long and lonely, and only the ghost comes and goes. ”

3. Chang Jian's "Title Poshan Temple Hou Zen Temple": "Enter the ancient temple in the early morning, and the early sun shines on the high forest. The winding path leads to the secluded place, and the flowers and trees in the meditation room are deep. The mountain light is pleasing to the birds, and the pond shadow is empty. Wan Lai is silent here, but Yu Zhong chimes. ”

Fourth, Li Bai's "Night Huai of Lushan Donglin Temple": "I am looking for Qinglianyu and going to Xie Chengque alone." Frost Qing Donglin Bell, Water White Tiger Creek Moon. The fragrance of heaven gives birth to the void, and the music of heaven does not stop. The banquet sat silent, and the great thousand was untouched. Zhan Ran is sincere, and the catastrophe is haunted. ”

5. Liu Changqing's "Looking for the Mountain Residence of Changshan People in Nanxi": "Passing along the way, the berry moss can see the tracks. The white clouds are quiet, and the grass is closed. Look at the pine color through the rain, and follow the mountain to the water source. Creek flowers and Zen are relatively forgetful. ”

Sixth, Wei Yingwu's "Chuzhou West Stream": "Lonely and lonely grass is born on the edge of the stream, and there are yellow orioles singing in the deep trees. The spring tide brings rain and comes in a hurry, and the wild ferry is unmanned and self-controlled. ”

7. Liu Zongyuan's "Jiang Xue": "Thousands of mountains and birds fly away, and thousands of people disappear." Lonely boat, fishing alone in the cold river and snow. ”

The Buddha said, "Don't say it."

Lao Tzu said: "The Tao is the Tao, the very Tao".

I can't say it, I can't say it, I can't say it, I hope it helps to understand.

There is a poem called "The bright moon shines among the pines, and the clear spring stone stays" This very simple sentence contains the profound Zen principle in the world, which is profound, but it is brought out by this simple truth, which is not exhaustively thought-provoking.

The idea of non-action, the principle of moderation, and the simple concept of cultivation are all embodied in this month, a pine, a spring, and a stone, and the meditation in an indifferent and quiet environment, what appears is the inner emptiness, emptiness, and color, and the trickling spring reveals the characteristics of the heavenly cycle.

When I think of it, I can't help but think of a few verses of Master Hongyi - the friendship of gentlemen, which is as light as water; Insist on the image and seek, thousands of miles away. asked Yu Heshi, and forgot to speak; The branches are full of spring, and the moon is full. ”

Dude, Zen Buddhism, in the cultivation is very shallow, I can only talk about my own understanding, I hope that my brother can have an epiphany, and it is also considered to be a great merit Thank you!