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Zizhi Tongjian (Chang Jianzuo "Tongjian") is a multi-volume chronicle edited by the Northern Song Dynasty historian Sima Guang, with a total of 294 volumes and completed in 19 years. Mainly based on time and events, it was written from the twenty-third year of King Weilie of Zhou (403 B.C.), to the sixth year of Zhou Shizong Xiande (959 A.D.) five generations later, covering the history of 1362 years of the Sixteen Dynasties, about more than 3 million words, and 30 volumes of "Examination of Differences" and "Catalog". --Quoted from Encyclopedia.

Sima Guang's purpose in compiling the Zizhi Tongjian was to safeguard the interests of the feudal ruling class, and it is a history book with strong political overtones, in which more than 1,300 years of history were written. The most detailed and ink-filled part of the narrative is the prosperous scenes of various dynasties, such as the rule of Wenjing and the rule of Zhenguan, which is to make a correct guide for the later emperors, telling them how to govern the country and how to become a Ming monarch and holy lord.

In addition to recording a large number of historical events in detail, this book also expresses the author's own political views and positions, and is divided into five categories according to the emperor's talents: entrepreneurship, Shoucheng, Lingyi, Zhongxing, and chaos. Moreover, after the research of later generations of historians, there are many apocryphal parts in the content of the qualification guide, and historical events are described through some folklore and small news, such information channels and research methods are unreliable.

Reading this history book, it is obvious that it is not rigorous enough, and there are many obvious mistakes. However, it also has important reference value and reference significance for our modern people to study ancient history, and it is amazing to be able to complete such a historical work.

Zizhi Tongjian is a chronicle of the general history compiled by Sima Guang, a famous historian and politician of the Northern Song Dynasty, and his assistants over a period of 19 years. The book covers a total of 1,362 years of history from the Warring States period to the Five Dynasties, with a total of 294 volumes and more than 3 million words. In this book, the editors summed up many lessons for the rulers to learn from, and Song Shenzong believed that this book "in view of the past, it has the ability to govern the way", that is, to use the gains and losses of history as a warning to strengthen the rule, so it was named "Zizhi Tongjian".

It is worth mentioning that the first chronicle of my country is "Spring and Autumn".

1. "Zizhi Tongjian" is a chronicle of China's general history of the masterpiece, which comprehensively summarizes the political wisdom of the past dynasties with a profound historical vision, and records the trajectory of historical development in 1362 years from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the establishment of the Song Dynasty. It shows the vicissitudes of history of the rise and fall of many dynasties in this more than 1,000 years, and reveals the laws of historical development contained in it.

2. The author of "Zizhi Tongjian" is Sima Guang (November 17, 1019, October 11, 1086), the word Jun Shixiangji, the number is roundabout, and he is a native of Shushui Rangyan Lu Township, Xia County, Shaanzhou (now Xia County, Shanxi), and is known as Mr. Shushui.

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Zizhi Tongjian is a comprehensive general history of ancient China, and it is also the longest general history of the world in the world. Compiled by the Southern Song historian Sima Guang, it consists of 304 volumes and covers more than 2,500 years of Chinese history from the first year of King Mu of Zhou (1046 BC) to the third year of Emperor Yang of Sui (639 AD). In the process of compiling, Sima Guang carefully examined and commented on historical facts, so that the "Zizhi Tongjian" has an extremely difficult and high value and status in the fields of history and literature, and is known as "no book since the Zuo Chuan, and the best in historiography".

It has the characteristics of systematic, concise and evaluative, and has conducted in-depth analysis and analysis of huge historical data, and looks for the law of historical development through phenomena when Jisen expounds history. It is not only a precious heritage of Chinese history and culture, but also an important tool for studying historical laws and historical influences, and it still has great research value and application value.

Zizhi Tongjian (Chang Jianzuo "Tongjian"), a multi-volume chronicle history book edited by Sima Guang of the Northern Song Dynasty, during the reign of Emperor Xining of the Song Dynasty, Sima Guang strongly opposed Wang Anshi's change of law, and Shangshu asked for foreign appointment.

In the fourth year of Xining (1071), he sentenced Xijing Yushitai, and since then he has lived in Luoyang for fifteen years, regardless of political affairs. During this leisurely period, Sima Guang presided over the compilation of 294 volumes of nearly 4 million words of the chronicle history book "Zizhi Daming Tongjian".

From the beginning of the case to the deletion and finalization, Sima Guang wrote it himself, not by others. Zizhi Tongjian is the largest chronicle in China, with a total of 294 volumes, covering the past and the present.

From the early Warring States period Han, Zhao and Wei to the Jin Dynasty (403 BC), to the end of the five dynasties (Later Liang, Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han, Later Zhou) Zhao Kuangyin (Song Taizu) destroyed the Later Zhou (959 AD), where 1,362 years.

The author writes down the historical facts of 1,362 years in chronological order, with years and months as the scriptures, and historical facts as the weft, in order; The causes and consequences of major historical events are clearly explained in relation to all aspects, so that readers can understand the development of historical facts at a glance.

What is <> purpose of reading "Zizhi Tongjian"? The ancients said that reading was for "self-cultivation, governing the country, and leveling the world", but now it is no longer appropriate. "Just read the scriptures, read history on the soft day", that is the way of civil and military affairs of emperors and generals, but we little people are just a hobby, willing to swim in the sea of books.

Zizhi Tongjian is a chronicle compiled by Sima Guang and his assistants Liu Chu, Liu Nu, Fan Zuyu, etc., based on a large number of historical materials, which records the history of the 23rd year of the martyr Zhou Wei (403 BC) and the 6th year of Zhou Shizong Xiande (959 AD).

The book depicts the history and historical development of the period from strategy to the Five Dynasties, and the reasons for the rise and fall of dozens of regimes such as the Qin, Han, Jin, Sui, and Tang dynasties and dozens of regimes such as the Seven Heroes of the Warring States, the Three Kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu, the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms, the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. It vividly portrays the emperors and generals as a political country, the way of dealing with people, and their joys and sorrows of life and death in the whirlpool of history.

To this day, Zizhi Tongjian is still a must-read for understanding and learning about Chinese history. Sima Guang ((1019-1086), the name Junshi, was a native of Xia County, Shaanzhou (now Xia County, Shanxi). He loved history, and after his debut, he continued to govern history unremittingly.

In the third year of Zhiping (1066), Sima Guang wrote an eight-volume chronicle from the Warring States Period to Qin, called "Tongzhi", which was submitted to Yingzong of the Song Dynasty, and Yingzong ordered him to set up a bureau to renew it. Since then, no matter how Sima Guang has advanced and retreated politically, the bookstore has always been set up with him.

In 1067, Shenzong ascended the throne, opened the scripture feast, Sima Guang read the "Tongzhi", and Shenzong named it "Zizhi Tongjian" for his "view of the past, having the ability to govern the Tao". When Wang Anshi implemented the new policy, Sima Guang vigorously opposed it, and was appointed as a privy envoy but insisted on resigning, and in the third year of Xining (1070), he went out to know the Yongxing Army (now Xi'an, Shaanxi).

In the following year, he retired to Luoyang and devoted himself to compiling the "Zizhi Tongjian", which was completed in the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084). From the beginning of the three-year game, it has taken 19 years so far.

1. The content of the book focuses on political, military, and ethnic relations, as well as the evaluation of economic, cultural, and historical figures, and the description of the policies of the ruling class aimed at the rise and fall of the nation warn future generations. The origin of the title of the book is that Song Shenzong believed that the book "in view of the past, it has the ability to govern the Tao", and gave this name.

2. The history recorded in the "Zizhi Tongjian" is limited, starting from the 23rd year of King Weilie of Zhou (403 BC) to the 6th year of Zhou Xiande (959), a total of 1362 years.

3. "Tongjian" is a general history of chronicles ("Historical Records" is the first general history of the Simplified Chronicles of the Zen Dynasty, and "Spring and Autumn" is the earliest existing chronicle history book), narrating historical events in chronological order, explaining the causes and consequences of historical events, and it is easy to make people get a clear impression of the system.