What is the difference between nuclear genes and cytoplasmic genes?

There are two main differences.

First, cytoplasmic genes are passed from mother to offspring. The nuclear genes are half of the mother and half of the parents.

The second is that the cytoplasmic genes are incomplete, which can only be expressed inside some organelles and control some traits, but cannot control the integrity traits of the cell. And most of the proteins determined by cytoplasmic genes are also encoded by nuclear genes.

Come on. This kind of conceptual question can be checked in the encyclopedia, so why waste bounty points so much?

The difference between plastinogenes and nuclear genes is: different locations, different modes of inheritance, and different genomes.

First, the location is different.

1. Plasma genes: refers to the genes that exist in the cell leakage.

2. Nuclear genes: genes in eukaryotes located on chromosomes in the nucleus.

Second, the genetic mode is different.

1. Plasma gene: The inheritance mode of cytoplasmic gene is from mother to offspring.

2. Nuclear gene: The inheritance mode of nuclear gene is from father to offspring.

Third, the genome is different.

1. Plasma genes: The corresponding genes of all cells constitute a cytoplasmic genome, including mitochondrial genome and chloroplast genome.

2. Nuclear gene: The nuclear genome is a simple DNA or RNA molecule, so it is also called a gene band, and is also commonly referred to as its chromosome.

Encyclopedia – Cytoplasmic genes.

Encyclopedia – Nuclear Genes.

Nuclear genetics and cytokinetic genetics are relatively independent. But that doesn't mean it doesn't matter: nuclear genes are the main genetic material, but to be expressed in the cytoplasm, which controls some traits but is also influenced by the nucleus .......

Therefore, cytoplasmic genes and nuclear genes are interdependent and mutually restrictive.

1. Dual genetic control of mitochondrial composition.

As a genetic system outside the nucleus, mitochondria are indeed autonomous, which is manifested by its own protein synthesis system (tRNA, rRNA, ribosomes, etc.) in addition to DNA, which is completed by its own polymerase. Similar to bacteria, mitochondrial protein synthesis can be inhibited by a class of antibiotics such as erythromycin, chloramphenicol, etc. Unlike eukaryotes, protein synthesis (affected by cycloheximide).

However, except for a few components of mitochondria, most of the proteins are encoded by the nucleus, such as some enzymes involved in respiration, and some subunits are also coded by nuclear genes. Table 17-5 (King p395).Some of the enzyme components in yeast mitochondria**.

This suggests that mitochondria are organelles controlled by both the intranuclear and extranuclear genomes, which reflects the close interaction between the nucleus and the plasma of the cell as a whole.

A gene is an ordered sequence of nucleotides that encodes a corresponding product to perform a corresponding function; Genome rent tolerance is a collection of all genes of a particular species.

A gene is the basic unit of heredity, a specific nucleotide sequence on a DNA or RNA molecule that has genetic information, that is, a gene is a nucleotide sequence encoding a specific protein or multiple proteins, and its information carrier may be DNA or RNA.

The genome, i.e., an individual of a species of Wuchang is developed from a fertilized egg, which contains all the necessary information for the development of an individual of all the species, which is composed of all genes and non-coding sequences.

Nuclear genes are genes that direct cell metabolism in the nucleus, and plasty genes are genes that are needed to perfect protein synthesis in mitochondria or chloroplasts (photo-light genes cannot direct protein synthesis).

There is no difference in the structure between cytoplasmic genes and nuclear genes, both of which are composed of coding and non-coding regions. It's just that the carriers of cytoplasmic genes and nuclear genes are different, the carriers of cytoplasmic genes of eukaryotic cells are chloroplasts and mitochondria, while the carriers of nuclear genes are chromosomes.

Both nuclear and cytoplasmic inheritance are relatively independent. But it doesn't mean that there is no relationship: nuclear genes are the main genetic material, but to be expressed in the cytoplasm, although the cytoplasm controls some traits, it is also affected by the nucleus, so the cytoplasmic genes and nuclear genes are interdependent and mutually restrictive.