What does patrilineal clan period mean?

Patrilineal clan society is a new socio-cultural system and one of the most profound changes in human history. This change was compatible with the development of the productive forces at that time. As a result of the further development of agriculture and handicrafts, the position and role of men in production have become more and more important, and the center of society has naturally shifted.

In a patrilineal clan society, men's property rights and social status are higher than women's, and the family marriage relationship has also changed from "living with the wife" to "living with the husband" in the matrilineal clan society, and the children naturally no longer belong to the matrilineal clan but become members of the patrilineal clan and become the inheritors of the father's property. In the patrilineal clan society, with the development of the social productive forces and the surplus of the fruits of labor, some people are able to take possession of the fruits of others' labor and use the wealth of labor they have possessed to serve others, so that the phenomenon of wealth and poverty appears, and private property begins to sprout. The change in the disparity between the rich and the poor was the basis for the emergence of classes, and in the later period of the patrilineal clan society, the clan society began to disintegrate, and the class society began to appear.

As men gradually became dominant in the main branches of production, such as agriculture, animal husbandry and handicrafts, matriarchy naturally transitioned to patriarchy. Patrilineal clan communes were gradually formed. Since then, the patriarchal individual family has become a force against the clan, and the primitive society has gradually tended to disintegrate.

Men relied on their economic superiority to occupy a dominant position in social production and life.

The matrilineal clan commune experienced its heyday, the development of the social productive forces accelerated, and men gradually became dominant in the main branches of production, such as agriculture, animal husbandry and handicrafts, and the patriarchal clan gradually became dominant, so that the matriarchy naturally transitioned to patriarchy.

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The development of the productive forces of society.

The fundamental reason for the replacement of matriarchy by patriarchy is the development of the productive forces of society and the consequent changes in the economic status of men and women in the clan. With the development of productive forces, agriculture and animal husbandry became the main means of human life, and the labor of men in this period shifted from hunting and fishing to agriculture and livestock raising in the towns and towns, occupying the economic field that women were engaged in and becoming the bearers of the main economic activities of the clan, and was in a dominant position. Due to changes in economic status, patriarchy gradually replaced matriarchy.

The development of couples is also an important reason for the emergence of patrilineal clan communes, when the form of marriage has transitioned from couples to monogamy. The emergence of the monogamous family is a sign of the establishment of patriarchy. After the establishment of the patriarchal system, the children lived and traveled with their fathers, the lineage was calculated from the patrilineal line, and the property was inherited according to the patrilineal line, and the matrilineal clan commune gradually disintegrated.

The gradual replacement of matrilineal societies by patrilineal clan societies occurred between 5,500 and 4,000 years ago, a process that lasted from the Bronze Age to the present day. This new socio-cultural system has had a profound impact on human history.

The emergence of private ownership was a key factor in the transition from matrilineal clan society to patrilineal clan society, but at the same time it was inseparable from the development of social productive forces at that time, and the gradual formation and development of agriculture, animal husbandry and handicrafts laid the foundation for the advancement of men's status in production activities.

Men have established themselves by virtue of their physical superiority. 1. The creation and use of agricultural production tools have increased labor intensity; Second, the animal husbandry process has been continuously improved; Third, the handicraft industry is represented by the pottery industry, which has high technical requirements and large physical consumption. Through the above three points, men gradually became the main force of production, and began to gradually replace the position of women who could only engage in domestic work such as weaving and cooking in economic life, and in addition, they had to have children, and gradually became the vassals of men.

In a patriarchal society, women's rights and interests are lower than men's, men become the masters of society and the family, and men's social status and property rights are much higher than women's. Economic status determines social status, and the importance of men in economic life ensures that they own more private property, so that men, as the backbone of production and the owners of social wealth, have the absolute power to change the lineage according to female blood statistics.

After the reform of the marriage and clan matching system, and the emergence of the patriarchal system established by the inheritance system, the patrilineal clan has been inherited to this day. Typical representatives of the patriarchal clan social culture in Chinese history include Yangshao culture, Dawenkou culture, Longshan culture, Liangzhu culture and Daxi culture.

This was followed by the Yangshao culture during the prosperity of the matrilineal clan.

Majiayao culture and Qingliangang culture, Qujialing culture, Dawenkou culture and Longshan culture during the transition from matrilineal clan to patrilineal clan.

Liangzhu culture and Qijia culture.

Commonalities: All are bound by blood relations;

Public ownership is practiced in terms of property and distribution.

Differences: Matrilineal clan commune women dominate society, patrilineal clan commune men dominate society.

During the matrilineal clan period, people "only knew their mothers, but not their fathers", and during the patrilineal clans, people "knew both their mothers and their fathers".

In the later period of the patrilineal clan commune, the productive forces were further improved, private ownership and slavery appeared, and primitive society began to disintegrate.