What is the current situation and main problems of geological disaster prevention and control?

Your question is too much of a space! Speechless.

The main problems that exist. First, some cadres and the masses have a weak sense of scientific disaster prevention and have a fluke mentality; Second, the funds for the prevention and control of geological disasters are seriously insufficient, and the exploration, management and relocation and avoidance of geological disaster danger points and hidden danger points in some areas are progressing slowly; Third, the means of transportation and prevention and control technology for emergency response to geological disasters cannot meet the needs of geological disaster prevention and control in the flood season; Fourth, the institutions for the prevention and control of geological disasters are not sound enough, the management personnel are seriously insufficient, and the technical force is weak.

First, we will continue to strengthen leadership and implement disaster prevention responsibilities. Fully understand the importance and urgency of doing a good job in the prevention and control of geological disasters at present, earnestly strengthen leadership, and decompose the responsibility for monitoring, forecasting, and early warning of geological disasters to villages, households, and people. The second is to strengthen investigation and eliminate hidden dangers of disasters.

Focus on the comprehensive investigation of the danger points and hidden dangers of hilly and mountainous areas and major engineering geological disasters, discover and solve problems as soon as possible, eliminate hidden dangers, and implement monitoring, forecasting, and early warning measures and safe havens. In conjunction with meteorological, hydrological and other relevant departments, further do a good job in geological disaster meteorological early warning and forecasting, expand the coverage of forecast information release, enhance timeliness, and ensure that early warning and forecast information is sent to relevant management personnel in a timely manner. In areas where heavy rain and extremely heavy rain occur, it is necessary to encrypt the monitoring frequency of landslides, collapses, and debris flows at the hidden danger points of geological disasters.

The third is to strengthen duty and ensure the smooth flow of information. Strictly abide by the system of being on duty during the flood season, reporting the disaster situation quickly and reporting the special report, ensure that the flood season is on duty 24 hours a day, and ensure that the information on the disaster situation is timely and accurate. Fourth, it is necessary to strengthen support and improve response capabilities.

Earnestly strengthen the construction of geological disaster emergency management institutions and teams, and ensure that geological disaster emergency personnel, vehicles, funds and related equipment are in place. Give full play to the technical advantages of geological exploration units, do a good job in the emergency response to geological disasters, and participate in geological disaster emergency rescue and emergency investigation at any time. Fifth, it is necessary to strengthen supervision and reduce man-made disasters.

Strengthen the supervision and management of geological disasters caused by various engineering construction projects, strictly implement the "three simultaneous" system of geological disaster risk assessment and geological disaster prevention and control projects, prevent geological disasters caused by the exploitation of mineral resources and groundwater resources, and reduce geological disasters caused by human factors. Sixth, strengthen publicity and enhance the awareness of disaster prevention. We should give full play to the role of radio, television, the Internet, newspapers and periodicals, and mobile phone text messages, further do a good job in publicizing and educating the masses in hilly and mountainous areas who are threatened by geological disasters, and improve the level of mass surveying and mass prevention and the ability of scientific disaster prevention and relief.

The principle of engineering geological analysis is on the principle of engineering geological survey!

Engineering measures for the prevention and control of collapse disasters:

1. Blocking: For medium and small collapses, sheltering buildings can be built or intercepted buildings. The interception buildings include rockfall platforms, rockfall troughs, rock-blocking embankments or rock-blocking walls, etc., and the blocking buildings have open holes, shed holes, etc.

2. Support and slope protection: support refers to the use of piers, columns, wall widths or their combinations to support and reinforce dangerous rocks such as cantilever or arch bridges that are suspended above and may be broken and fallen, so as to achieve the purpose of treating dangerous rocks. For the dangerous rock area where the dangerous blocks are distributed in a row and there are weak interlayers or weak structural planes, first remove part of the loose blocks, and build a supporting wall of the stone retaining wall to protect the slope surface.

3. Including demolition and anchoring: plate-shaped, columnar and inverted cone-shaped dangerous rock masses are very prone to collapse and staggering, and they can be reinforced by using prestressed anchors (cables) to prevent the occurrence of collapse. The anchoring measures can reduce the crack width of the rock mass near the free surface and improve the integrity of the rock mass.

4. Grouting reinforcement: Consolidation grouting can enhance the integrity of the rock and the strength of the rock mass. Generally, anchoring is carried out first, and then grouting reinforcement section by section.

5. Dredging the bank slope and drainage and seepage prevention: through the construction of a surface drainage system, the runoff generated by rainfall is intercepted and collected, and the drainage ditch is used to discharge it out of the slope. For the groundwater in the landslide, the drainage hole can be used to discharge the groundwater, so as to reduce the pore water pressure and reduce the softening effect of groundwater on the landslide rock and soil.

Engineering measures for landslide disaster prevention and control.

1. Exclusion of surface water and groundwater: landslide sliding is mostly related to surface water or groundwater activities. Therefore, in the prevention and control of landslides, it is often necessary to try to exclude surface water and groundwater, avoid surface water seepage into the landslide, reduce the erosion of surface water on the landslide rock and soil and the floating support of groundwater on the landslide, and improve the shear strength of the landslide soil and the overall stability of the landslide.

2. Weight reduction and loading: The mechanical balance conditions of the sliding body can be changed by cutting the load or filling the load, and the purpose of landslide control can also be achieved. However, this measure is only effective when the anti-slip section of the landslide is loaded, and the weight reduction of the main slip section or traction lot is effective.

Engineering measures for the prevention and control of debris flow disasters.

1. Crossing project: build bridges and culverts above the debris flow ditch to cross the risk avoidance project, so that the debris flow has a drainage channel and can ensure the smooth flow of the road.

2. Crossing project: The crossing project of building tunnels, open tunnels and aqueducts under the debris flow will make the debris flow discharge from above and the traffic below will not be affected. This is another major form of engineering in the area through the debris flow, and the general principle for the design of tunnels, open tunnels and aqueducts is to adapt to local conditions.

3. Protection engineering: build slope protection, retaining walls, dams and dams and other protective projects for bridges, tunnels, roadbeds and important engineering facilities in debris flow areas, so as to resist the erosion, impact, side erosion and silting of debris flow.

4. Drainage and diversion projects: build diversion dikes, rapid flow troughs, beam dikes and other drainage and diversion projects to improve the flow potential of debris flows and increase the drainage capacity of bridges and other buildings.

5. Blocking engineering: building sand dams, fixed bed dams, silt storage yards, retaining projects, flood interception projects and other blocking projects to control the solid matter and rainwater runoff of debris flows, weaken the flow, discharge and energy of debris flows, so as to slow down the scouring, impact and silting of debris flows.

Geological disasters mainly include **, collapse, landslide and debris flow. When encountering this kind of disaster, in general, it is necessary to be calm and calm, not to panic, and to think of a way quickly.

What should I do if I come? ** When you should take shelter nearby, evacuate to a safe place quickly after the earthquake, which is a better way to avoid the earthquake. When absorbing shocks, you should choose a place that is easy to form a triangular space, a place with small bays and supports, and an open and safe place outside.

Lie on the ground, squat or sit down, curling up as much as possible and lowering the center of gravity; Grasp a firm object such as a table leg; Protect the head, neck, eyes, mouth and nose; Avoid **, don't crowd around, don't light lights casually, because there are flammable and explosive gases in the air. If you are in the ruins, you should strive to create a safe environment in the unsafe, calm and calm, pay attention to rest, and save physical strength and energy; Try to get the message out and wait for help; Save food and water as much as possible, and take extraordinary measures if necessary; If injured, bandage; The people in the disaster-stricken areas should find ways to help each other.

When walking, driving, sheltering from the rain, and resting in the mountains, it is necessary to pay attention to preventing collapse disasters to prevent disasters from falling from the sky. Special attention should be paid to the precursors of collapse, such as cracks in the rear of the collapse body, falling blocks at the front edge of the collapse body, soil rolling down, small collapses and small collapses continue to occur, new rupture and deformation of the slope surface, and even small areas of soil and rock spalling, and occasional tearing and friction staggering sounds of rock collapses, etc., should be evacuated quickly.

If you encounter a landslide, when you are on the landslide body, you should quickly look around and evacuate to a safer area. In general, except for high-speed landslides, as long as you act quickly, it is possible to escape from dangerous areas. When running away, running to the sides is the best direction, and running up or down is dangerous.

Under certain conditions, such as when the landslide is sliding as a whole, it is an effective self-rescue measure to stay put, or hold on to big trees and other objects.

How to prevent mudslides? Do not stay in the ravine for long periods of time in rainy days, and if you hear an unusual noise from the upstream, you should quickly flee in the direction of the uphill slope on both banks. When crossing a ravine during the rainy season, observe carefully and make sure it is safe to do so.

Rainfall in mountainous areas is generally localized, and the lower reaches of the valley are sunny, and the upper reaches of the valley are not necessarily sunny, and mudslide disasters should also be guarded against.

The basic methods of prevention and control: relocation or avoidance; strengthen monitoring and surveillance; Surface drainage; planting trees and grasses; slope protection; Pivot (side leg); Cutting the square and reducing the load (grasping the brain mountain, or retreating the brain mountain into steps or, terrace type).

Causes of geological disasters and accidents: First, objectively, in the loess hilly area, the slope is steep and the ditch is deep, the loess soil is loose, the adhesion is very poor, and it is very easy to have sudden geological disasters under the influence of climate change and precipitation. Second, there are three types of subjective human factors:

The construction of housing is unreasonable and high-cut slope, (60 700) forms a hidden danger of collapse; Housing is not properly situated and built on landslides; Improper construction of the project has caused hidden dangers caused by high cut slopes.