The city with the most ancient bridges in China, which of the four ancient bridges is the oldest

Shaoxing is one of the famous historical and cultural cities in China. In ancient times, it was called Yue Kingdom. The waterways in the territory are vertical and horizontal, and it has the reputation of a water town and a water city. There is a bridge because of the water, and there must be a view because of the bridge, and the bridge is a beautiful township.

According to the Qing Dynasty Guangxu Guisi (1893) to draw the "Shaoxing Fucheng Qulu Map" shows, there were 229 bridges in the city at that time, the city area is square kilometers, there is an average of one bridge per square kilometer, compared with the world-famous water city Venice in Italy, for the city before the Second World War bridge density 45 times (the city area is 567 square kilometers, there were 378 bridges at that time, now only 76 bridges remain), for the end of the Qing Dynasty Suzhou city bridge density twice (Suzhou city area of 21 square kilometers, At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there are 310 bridges), the stone bridge connects the streets and alleys, five steps and one climb, ten steps and one span, it can really be said that "no bridge is not a city, no bridge is not a road, no bridge is not a village".

Shaoxing bridge volume is multifaceted, according to the end of 1993 statistics there are 10,610 bridges in the city, known as "Wanqiao City". Among these many bridges, the ancient bridge occupies a large proportion, is one of the areas with the largest number of ancient bridges in China, adapts to the wooden beam bridge and wooden arch bridge of the small river, and then adapts to the pontoon bridge of the big river and then develops to the stone beam bridge, trilateral bridge, pentagonal bridge, heptagon bridge, semicircular stone arch bridge, horseshoe-shaped stone arch bridge, elliptical stone arch bridge and the quasi-catenary arch bridge that crosses into the advanced arch ring structure in the world today, constituting a very complete series of ancient bridges, becoming a microcosm of the development and evolution of ancient Chinese bridgesIt is known as the "Ancient Bridge Museum" in China.

Among the 604 existing ancient bridges in the city, there are 13 ancient bridges before the Song Dynasty, 41 ancient bridges before the Ming Dynasty, and 550 ancient bridges that were rebuilt, rebuilt and newly built in the Qing Dynasty. According to the material and structure, there are 10 ancient wooden bridges (including wooden beam bridges and wooden arch bridges), 348 stone beam bridges (including three-fold edge bridges), 241 stone arch bridges (including multi-fold side arches, semicircular arches, horseshoe arches, elliptical arches, and quasi-catenary arches), 4 multi-bridge composite bridges, and 1 fiber road bridge.

The ancient bridges of Shaoxing are not only multifaceted, but also many bridges have won the title of "the most bridge" in China: The earliest existing urban bridge in China--- Song Dynasty Bazi Bridge The only extra-long stone beam bridge in the Tang Dynasty in China--- the fiber road bridge The only continuous three-hole horseshoe-shaped arch bridge in China--- Jingkou Bridge The first quasi-catenary arch ancient bridge discovered in China--- Yucheng Bridge, Yingxian Bridge The largest number of folding bridges in China.

These "best" shows that the ancient bridge of Shaoxing not only has a complete category, but also has reached the peak of the times in terms of bridge type, bridge construction technology and technical level.

The beautiful environmental layout, structural decoration and poetry of the bridge bridge have the beauty of the ancient bridge in Shaoxing, which constitutes a unique water town traffic landscape. "The weeping rainbow jade came with the door, and the ancient famous bridge went out of Yuezhou." The ancient bridge culture of Shaoxing has become an important part of the Yue culture.

It must be the hometown of Shaoxing Shaoxing Ancient Bridge, the ancient bridge is not only multifaceted

The oldest of the four ancient bridges is Zhaozhou Bridge.

Zhaozhou Bridge is the world's oldest existing stone arch bridge, located in Zhao County, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, was built in the Sui Dynasty, built by Li Chun, has a history of more than 1400 years, and has now become a well-known local tourist attraction. Zhaozhou Bridge is a stone arch bridge located on the south of Zhao County, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, named after Zhao County's ancient name of Zhaozhou. Locals call it the Big Stone Bridge to distinguish it from the Yongtong Bridge (Small Stone Bridge) outside the west gate of the city.

Zhaozhou Bridge was built in the Sui Dynasty, designed and built by the craftsman Li Chun, and later named Anji Bridge by Zhao Xu of Song Zhezong, and took it as the proper name. Zhaozhou Bridge is the world's oldest existing single-hole open-shoulder stone arch bridge with the largest span and the most complete preservation, its construction technology is unique, and it is the first "open-shoulder arch" structural form in the history of bridges in the world, and has high scientific research value.

The carving knife technique is vigorous and powerful, the artistic style is novel and bold, showing the vigorous, strict and handsome stone carving style of the Sui Dynasty, and the bridge body decoration is finely carved, and has high artistic value. Zhaozhou Bridge occupies an important position in the history of bridge building in China and has a profound impact on bridge construction for future generations around the world. On March 4, 1961, Anji Bridge (Dashiqiao) was announced by the People's Republic of China as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

In 2010, Zhaozhou Bridge Scenic Area was rated as a national AAAA tourist attraction.

China's Four Ancient Bridges:

The four ancient bridges in China are the Guangji Bridge (Xiangzi Bridge) in Chaozhou, Guangdong, the Luoyang Bridge in Quanzhou, Fujian, the Lugou Bridge in Beijing, and the Zhaozhou Bridge in Zhaoxian County, Hebei. China is the hometown of bridges, and has been known as the "country of bridges" since ancient times. The bridges spread all over the land of China are woven into a transportation network extending in all directions, connecting all directions of the motherland.

The architectural art of ancient Chinese bridges is a pioneering achievement in the history of bridges in the world, which fully demonstrates the extraordinary wisdom of the ancient Chinese working people.

Many of the science and technology of China's ancient and modern bridges have been at the forefront of the world's bridge construction, and many bridge styles still continue to have an impact on the world's modern bridge construction. At the same time, it is also a living cultural treasure, recording many precious materials.

China's famous ancient bridges include Zhaozhou Bridge, Lugou Bridge, Anping Bridge, Guangji Bridge, Luding Bridge, Luoyang Bridge, Yudai Bridge, Fengyu Bridge, Cross Bridge, and Wuqi Ting Bridge.

1. Zhaozhou Bridge: It is a stone arch bridge located on the south of Zhao County, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, named after the ancient name of Zhao County.

2. Anping Bridge: It is the longest beam stone bridge in the world, and has the reputation of "no bridge in the world is long this bridge".

3. Lugou Bridge: Lugou Bridge, formerly known as Guangli Bridge, is a place to leave Beijing and bid farewell, so it is easy to remind people of the "Baqiao" repeatedly chanted in Tang poems, and there is a miserable complex of "chicken sound Maodian month, human track Banqiao frost".

4. Guangji Bridge: known as "the world's earliest opening and closing bridge".

5. Luding Bridge: The Red Army's Long March passed through here to "fly to the side to seize the Luding Bridge" and make the bridge famous at home and abroad.

6. Luoyang Bridge: Located on the Luoyang River in the eastern suburbs of Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, also known as Wan'an Bridge, there are 2 pavilions on the bridge, 2 stone generals, and 5 stone towers.

7. Jade Belt Bridge: Shaped like a jade belt, the arc-shaped lines are very smooth, the semi-circular bridge hole and the reflection in the water constitute a transparent full moon, the reflection of the pillars of the bridge railing around is uneven, floating on the satin-like water surface is turbulent, the scene is very moving.

8. Wind and rain bridge: On the five bluestone piers, there are five four-story pagoda-style pavilions with different roofs. There is a corridor between the pavilions to connect with each other, there is a roof, the floor and the corridor are integrated, reflecting each other, forming a magnificent water corridor.

9. Cross Bridge: The whole bridge is supported by 34 iron and blue octagonal stones, the top of the column has a cypress bucket arch connected with the longitudinal and cross beams, the cross bridge deck is paved, the fish swamp flying beam, the white marble railing, the square brick pavement, the visitors who come from the south to the north and go to the east and the west can pass.

10. Wuting Bridge: Wuting Bridge is located in the middle of Slender West Lake, there are five pavilions on Wuting Bridge, a pavilion protrudes in the middle, and the surrounding four pavilions correspond to the location, from a bird's-eye view from the air, it is just like a beautiful lotus flower blooming in Slender West Lake**, far away from the white tower, under the afterglow of the sunset, shining.

1- Lugou Bridge.

Lugou Bridge is located on the Yongding River in the southwest of Beijing, which is a joint arch stone bridge, which was built in the third year of Ming Chang (1192 AD). The bridge is full of meters, there are 11 holes, the net span diameter and sagittal height of each hole are not equal, the side holes are small, and the middle holes gradually increase. The whole bridge has ten piers with widths ranging from meters to meters.

There are stone railings built on both sides of the bridge deck, the column is high meters, and the stone lion is engraved on the head of each column, or squatting, or crouching, or big caressing small, or small hugging big, a total of 485 heads. At both ends of the bridge, there are Huabiao, Imperial Tablet Pavilion, Inscription, etc., in 1937, the July Seven Incident occurred here, which was the beginning of the Japanese imperialist invasion of China, and the Lugou Bridge became a monumental building of historical significance.

2- Guangji Bridge Guangji Bridge, also known as Xiangzi Bridge, is located in the east of Chaozhou Town, Chao'an County, Guangdong, across the Hanjiang River. It was built in the sixth year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1170) and was originally a pontoon bridge for 86 boats. Shen Chongyu and Zeng Wang, the governors of Chaozhou, presided over the construction of the east and west piers respectively, which lasted 57 years and was completed in 1226.

The total length is 515 meters, divided into two sections of east and west with a total of 18 piers (later added to 24 piers, 13 in the east section, 11 in the west section), the bridge piers, the bridge are all made of boulders, the stone beam is 13 meters to 15 meters long, nearly 1 meter wide, there are twenty-four pairs of pavilions and pavilions of different forms built on the bridge piers, and there are two iron oxen to stand at the east and west two ends. The middle section is about 100 meters wide, because of the turbulent current, the bridge can not be built, only ferryed by small boats (after 18 shuttle boats are connected to form a pontoon bridge, can be opened and closed). It is the earliest switch-movable large stone bridge in China and the world.

It is a national key protected cultural relic and a valuable heritage in China's bridge construction.

3-Wuting Bridge Wuting Bridge is located in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, Wuting Bridge was built in the 22nd year of Qianlong (1757), which is built in imitation of the Wulong Pavilion and the 17-hole bridge of the Summer Palace in Beihai, Beijing. "Five pavilions are built on the top, and the following four wings, and there are five out of ten on the side of the bridge. "The architectural style is both the beauty of the south and the hero of the north.

On the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival, you can feel the wonderful environment of "the face is clear and the waves are covered with the moon shadow, the head is hollow over the clouds, and the jade flute is listened to at night". Wuting Bridge, formerly known as Lotus Bridge, is one of the symbols of Slender West Lake, because the shape resembles a blooming lotus flower, also known as Lotus Bridge.

4- Zhaozhou Bridge Zhaozhou Bridge, also known as Anji Bridge, is located on the Hu River in Zhao County, Hebei Province, it is the world's earliest and best-preserved huge stone arch bridge, which has a history of more than 1,400 years and is known as "one of the four treasures of North China". It was built during the reign of the Sui Dynasty (605-618 AD) and was built by the famous craftsman Li Chun. The bridge is meters long, the span is meters, and the coupon is high, which is the world's largest span and the earliest single-hole open-shoulder stone arch bridge.

Because there are two small holes in the shoulders at both ends of the bridge, which are not solid, it is called the open shoulder type, which is a creation of the history of bridge building in the world (the one without a small arch is called the full shoulder or solid shoulder type).

1. The wind and rain bridge is a unique bridge of the Dong nationality, which is composed of bridges, towers and pavilions. It is all made of wood, the bridge deck is paved, and there are railings and benches on both sides, and the roof of the bridge is covered with tiles to form a corridor-style walkway. Tower, pavilion built on the stone bridge pier, there are many layers, the eaves angle is flying, and there are decorations such as treasure gourd on the top.

Pedestrians used to be sheltered from the wind and rain, hence the name.

Chengyang Bridge, located on the Linxi River in Sanjiang, Guangxi, is a representative of the wind and rain bridge. The bridge was built in 1916 and is a four-hole five-pier outrigger girder bridge. Its structure consists of two parts: piers and bridge bodies.

The bottom of the pier is paved with raw pine wood, and the diamond-shaped pier base is built with putty stained material stone, and several layers of giant sequoia logs are laid side by side, and then the wooden planks are paved for the bridge deck, and the bridge deck is covered with a tiled roof promenade bridge body. The bridge body is a four-pillar building, and the top of the bridge is built with several layers of tiled roofs that are higher than the bridge body, and the eaves are winged and the corner tower pavilion is beautiful, magnificent. On the five stone piers, there are pagoda-shaped and palace-shaped bridges and pavilions respectively, which are staggered and majestic.

The eaves of the corridor and the pavilion are carved and painted, the figures, landscapes, flowers, beasts are bright in color, lifelike, it is the crystallization of the wisdom of the people of Dong Township, and it is also the artistic treasure in the Chinese wood architecture.

The Zhaozhou Bridge is also famous, it is in Zhao County, Hebei Province, it was designed by Li Chun, a stonemason of the Sui Dynasty, and it has been more than 1,400 years now. Its deck is flanked by stone balustrades with many dragon motifs carved on them.

Sichuan Luding Iron Rope Bridge, located in the west of Luding County, Dadu River, is located in Sichuan, Tibet main road, is the most well-made existing iron chain bridge, for the national key cultural relics protection unit. Construction began in 1705 and was completed the following year. The bridge is 103 meters long, 3 meters wide, 13 iron chains are fixed in the abutments on both sides of the well, 9 are used as bottom chains, 4 are divided into two sides as handrails, a total of 12,164 iron rings are interlocked, and the whole bridge iron parts weigh more than 40 tons.

The bridgehead on both sides of the strait is an ancient wooden structure building, with a unique style, which is unique in China.

The Lugou Bridge was designed according to the characteristics of the flow of the Yongding River. The whole bridge body is a stone structure, and the key parts are connected by silver ingots and iron tenons, which is the longest ancient stone bridge in North China. The total length of the meters, plus the approach bridges at both ends, is the total length of the meters.

There are 10 bridge piers, a total of 11 bridge arches, the face width is meters, the widest point can reach meters, there are 279 railings, 140 stone railing carved columns on the left side, 141 stone railing carved columns on the right side, the column height meters, the stone lion that the column head is carved and crouched. Lugou Bridge is also famous for its exquisite stone carving art.