How to accurately tell if an integrated circuit IC is working?

An integrated circuit is a miniature electronic device or component.

Using a certain process, the transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors and other components and wiring required in a circuit are interconnected together and made on a small piece or several small pieces of semiconductor wafer or dielectric substrate, and then encapsulated in a tube shell to become a miniature structure with the required circuit function;

All the components have been formed into a whole in terms of structure, which makes the electronic components a big step towards micro-miniaturization, low power consumption, intelligence and high reliability.

It is denoted by the letters "IC" in the circuit.

The inventors of integrated circuits are Jack Kilby (integrated circuits based on germanium (GE)) and Robert Noyce (integrated circuits based on silicon (Si)).

Most applications in today's semiconductor industry are silicon-based integrated circuits.

It is a new type of semiconductor device developed in the late 50s and 60s of the 20th century.

It is through the oxidation, lithography, diffusion, epitaxy, aluminum and other semiconductor manufacturing processes, the semiconductors, resistors, capacitors and other components required to form a circuit with a certain function and the connecting wires between them are all integrated on a small piece of silicon wafer, and then soldered and encapsulated in a tube shell of electronic devices.

The encapsulation is available in a variety of forms, such as round shell, flat or double in-line.

Integrated circuit technology includes chip manufacturing technology and design technology, which is mainly reflected in the ability of processing equipment, processing technology, packaging and testing, mass production and design innovation.

Integrated circuits, also known as ICs, can be divided into analog sets according to their different functions and structures.

IC. There are three categories: integrated circuits, digital integrated circuits, and digital-analog mixed integrated circuits.

Analog integrated circuits, also known as linear circuits, are used to generate, amplify, and process various analog signals (referring to signals whose amplitude changes with time.

For example, the audio signal of a semiconductor radio, the tape signal of a VCR, etc.), the input signal and the output signal are proportional.

Digital integrated circuits are used to generate, amplify, and process various digital signals (refers to signals with discrete values in time and amplitude.

Integrated circuits generally refer to the integration of chips, like the northbridge chip on the motherboard.

Inside the CPU, they are all called integrated circuits, and the original name is also called integrated blocks.

Target. And PCB refers to the circuit board that we usually see, as well as the soldering chips printed on the circuit board. Understanding the relationship between the two: integrated circuits (ICs) are soldered on PCB boards.

on; A PCB is the carrier of an integrated circuit (IC).

To put it simply, an integrated circuit is to integrate a general circuit into a chip, it is a whole, once it is damaged inside, then the chip is also damaged, and the PCB can solder the components by itself, and the components can be replaced if they are broken.

Commonly used integrated circuits include testers that specialize in testing digital circuits and testers that specialize in testing analog circuits. The test strips are all straightened according to the conditions specified in the data sheet of the IC under test. For the testing of dedicated integrated circuits, it is carried out by agreement between the supply and demand sides.

It is difficult for the average user to have such a strict test equipment, and each has its own method, and there is no unified regulation. From a practical point of view, based on my personal experience, I recommend that you have a "transistor characteristic diagram", which can measure the breakdown characteristics of each pin to ground, and if there is leakage from any pin to ground, you can conclude that the quality of this integrated block is not good. In addition, a common approach is to perform functional testing.

On a mature and qualified circuit board, connect this IC, and if it can work normally, it is considered to be good, and if it does not work normally, it is bad.

When the integrated circuit is not soldered into the circuit, the DC resistance between the pins is measured and compared with the DC resistance between the pins of the known normal integrated circuit of the same model, and the megalead is used to determine whether it is normal.

**The measurement method uses voltage measurement method, resistance measurement method and current measurement method to determine whether the integrated circuit is damaged by measuring whether the voltage value, resistance value and current value of each pin of the integrated circuit are normal.

3 Substitution:

The substitution method is to replace the tested integrated circuit with an integrated circuit of the same type and specification that is known to be intact, and it can be judged whether the integrated circuit is damaged. ‍