What are the main contributions of Confucius What are the contributions of Confucius?

1. Moral thought.

Confucius constructed a complete ideological system of "virtue and Taoism": advocating the virtue and virtue of "benevolence and propriety" at the individual level. The ideological system of morality is based on the theory of sexual goodness.

One yin and one yang is the Tao.

The one who follows is good, and the one who becomes is also good).

2. Political ideology.

The core content of Confucius's political thought is "propriety" and "benevolence", and in the strategy of governing the country, he advocated "governing the country with virtue", and governing the country with morality and etiquette is the most noble way to govern the country. This kind of statecraft is also called "rule by virtue" or "rule by etiquette". This strategy applied virtue and courtesy to the people, strictly enforced the hierarchy, and clearly divided the nobles and the common people into those who ruled and those who were governed.

3. Economic thought.

The most important economic thought of Confucius is the concept of righteousness and benefit and the idea of "enriching the people". This is also the main content of Confucian economic thought, which has a great influence on later generations.

4. Educational thinking.

Confucius was the first in Chinese history to propose that people have similar natural qualities, and that the differences in personality are mainly due to acquired education and social environment ("sex is similar, Xi is far away"). So everyone can be educated, and everyone should be educated. He advocated "education without class", founded private schools, recruited students extensively, broke the monopoly of slave owners and aristocrats on school education, expanded the scope of education to the common people, and conformed to the trend of social development at that time.

5. Aesthetic thoughts.

The core of Confucius's aesthetic thought is the unity of "beauty" and "goodness", as well as the unity of form and content. Confucius advocated "poetry education", that is, combining literature and art with political morality, and regarded literature and art as a means to change society and politics and an important way to cultivate sentiments.

He founded the Confucian school, put forward the doctrine of benevolence and courtesy, advocated the establishment of a civilized society of etiquette and music on the basis of everyone's consciousness, created the style of private lectures in ancient China, broke the monopoly of education by slave owners and aristocrats, and advocated teaching without class and teaching students according to their aptitude.

1. Philological contributions. The first literary work in China, the Book of Songs, was compiled by Confucius. Confucius repaired "Poems" and "Music", the first literary work "Book of Songs" handed down in China, which was compiled by Confucius into a book "The Book of Music" was lost.

According to the records of the Confucius Family, there were more than 3,000 poems in ancient times, and Confucius deleted the repetitions and selected the ones that could be applied to etiquette and righteousness. The text of the Book of Songs of 305 articles was formed, and Confucius also made important explanations on the theme, role and several chapters of the Book of Songs.

2. Historiographical contributions. Confucius is the author of China's first chronicle historical work, the Spring and Autumn Period.

3. Philosophical contributions. Yi is the source of the Great Dao and the source of Chinese philosophy. Confucius's Yi Chuan is the third stage, and the basic feature of Yi Chuan is that it bypasses divination and expounds Yi Li.

Some of the basic categories, propositions, ways of thinking, and philosophical ideas used and expounded in Yi Chuan.

4. Political contributions. Confucius started from the principle of "benevolence loves others", adhered to the people-oriented, practiced benevolent and ethical governance, and put social justice, order, integrity and the well-being of the people in the first place. Confucius advocated virtue for government, and believed that the rule of virtue of "morality and courtesy" is superior to the rule of law of "government by virtue and punishment by punishment".

His political ideals are, first, to realize a "great harmony" society in which "the world is for the public", and the other is to realize a "well-off" society in which "the world has a way". These are the two ideal social goals set by Confucius for the Chinese.

5. Educational contributions. During the time of Confucius, education and scholarship were monopolized by the government, and the banner of "education without class" was raised, and apprentices were recruited to give lectures in a private capacity, and the first private school in the history of our country was founded. Selected six kinds of textbooks: "Poems", "Books", "Rites", "Music", "Yi", and "Spring and Autumn"; The content is divided into four subjects: morality, language, political affairs, and literature.

On the basis of his rich teaching practice, Confucius put forward a complete set of educational theories and teaching methods.