What are the causes of electric shock?

The position of the cross-river wire is low, and when the civil wooden boat passes, due to the high tide and high ship, the wet water supports the wire, resulting in electric shock and injury. Children chase and play near electrical wires or electrical appliances and accidentally touch electrical wires and electrical appliances and cause serious accidents. Low-voltage electric shock.

Low-voltage electric shocks that occur on user lighting equipment are the most common. If the insulation of the entrance line is damaged (failure to be repaired in time), the wire appliance used to put clothes on the clothes is electrified, the wet hand twisting the bulb accidentally touches the metal lamp port, and the insulation of household appliances is damaged and electrified, which is easy to cause low-voltage electric shock. Induction of electric shock.

Working on electrical equipment and power lines, the operation and maintenance personnel do not comply with the "Safety Regulations".

Request for a power outage (violation of safe operating procedures.)

And check that short-circuit grounding measures are taken, or there is no grounding wire between the partially power-off equipment and the live equipment.

etc., are prone to induction and electric shock.

The clinical manifestations are mainly systemic reactions to local tissue electrical burns and electroconvulsives.

1.Systemic reactions.

In children, electrocution of the hand is common.

1) Light: paleness, weakness, numbness of the electrocuted fingers, mild muscle spasms, but easy to let go of the power supply, short-term dizziness, palpitations, nausea, shortness of breath, pain in the electrocution site, and general consciousness.

2) Severe: coma immediately after electric shock, shallow and rapid breathing or pause, rapid respiratory paralysis, blood pressure drop, arrhythmia, tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, unfavorable resuscitation, and eventually respiratory and cardiac arrest, ** Most of the children can be rescued in time.

2.Local tissue damage.

After electrocution, the local ** manifestation is severe burns, and the current flows out of the body through the human body to form a current inlet and more than one current outlet, which is a special manifestation of electrical injury. Generally, the scope of the entrance burn is not large, but the burn is serious, the outlet burn range is large and the degree of burn is mild, the burn is mostly oval black charcoal-like, charred paste, and the dry fissure of the epidermis can reach the lower tissues, including bones, brain, internal organs, spinal cord and other major organs, the pain is slight, and it is mostly progressive tissue necrotic changes within 1 2 weeks after the injury, so it is difficult to make an accurate diagnosis only according to the epidermal burn in the early stage of burn, and it can be complicated with serious infection with the necrosis of the tissue, In particular, anaerobic bacterial infection is extremely harmful, such as gas gangrene, the infected limb needs to be amputated, if the large blood vessel is injured, it can cause fatal hemorrhage due to sudden rupture.

Children with arc or spark burns can cause large-scale ** burns due to clothing burning, and the scope and degree of deep tissue damage are less than those of electric shock.

Children with burns after electric shock can cause fractures and dislocations due to strong muscle contraction.

Limb electrical burns, due to high edema of muscle tissue under the deep fascia of the affected limb, local pressure increases, often complicated by fascial cavity syndrome, which further affects the blood circulation of the affected limb, aggravates tissue damage, and can lead to limb necrosis if not timely.

Diagnosis is usually confirmed by history and clinical findings. Laboratory and ancillary tests can help understand the condition and complications.

Electrical leakage or lightning strikes by lightning will cause electrical injuries. The main symptoms are as follows: 1. Panic and sluggish electrical injury When the human body is exposed to electric current, the mild person immediately appears panic, sluggishness, paleness, muscle contraction at the contact site, and dizziness, tachycardia and general weakness.

In severe cases, coma, persistent convulsions, ventricular fibrillation, and arrest of heartbeat and breathing may occur. Some people with severe shocks have symptoms that are not severe at the time but suddenly worsen after an hour. Some patients have extremely weak heartbeats and breathing after an electric shock, or even a temporary stop"Suspended animation"Therefore, it is necessary to carefully identify and not easily give up the rescue of electrocuted patients.

2. Burns**Electrothermal burn current at the inlet is heavier than at the outlet. The burn** is grayish-yellow burnt, the center is low, and there is no inflammatory reaction such as swelling and pain around it. However, burns to the soft tissues along the current path are often severe.

Acute tubular necrotizing nephropathy can be caused by increased plasma myosin and increased plasma free hemoglobin caused by red blood cell membrane damage after large soft tissue of the limb is electroburned, and the distal tissue often appears ischemia and necrosis. 3. Complications and sequelae of hyperkalemia electrical injuryHyperkalemia can be caused by damage to a large number of tissues and hemolysis. Strong muscle contractions and twitches can lead to dislocation and fracture of limb joints, and strong contractions of paraspinal muscles can even cause spinal compression fractures.

Neurological sequelae include blindness, deafness, peripheral neuropathy, ascending or transverse spinal cord lesions, lateral sclerosis, and limb hemiplegia. Limb burns cause distal insufficiency and tissue necrosis. A small number of patients with high-voltage electrical injury may develop gastrointestinal dysfunction, local gallbladder necrosis, pancreatic focal necrosis, liver damage with coagulation disorders, cataracts, and personality changes.

4. Lightning injuryWhen a person is struck by lightning, the heartbeat and breathing often stop immediately, accompanied by myocardial damage. **Vasoconstriction is in a reticular pattern, thought to be characteristic of lightning injury. Myosinuria ensues.

Other clinical manifestations are similar to those of high-voltage electrical injury.