If you want to engage in soilless cultivation of vegetables, please give me tips Thank you 5

The soilless cultivation methods of several vegetables are introduced to provide a new way for vegetable farmers to grow vegetables.

1) New technology of soilless cultivation of leeks Use a pot or wooden trough with a depth of 18-20 cm to fill a river with a depth of 1-2 cm.

Nansha rinsed with water to prevent germs. Select the roots of open-field leeks that are more than 2 years old, and cut off the old roots and leaves to leave short stems.

roots, planted into pots, 3--4 plants for a handful, row spacing of about 33 cm, planting buckles watered through 1 time, new roots grow.

After that, the nutrient solution is poured again, generally watered once every 1 day, watered once the nutrient solution, and once every 1-2 days in spring, summer and autumn.

Water once every 3-5 days in winter, and do not water nutrient solution on rainy days, afternoons and evenings. Water more yellow leaves, and less nutrients when black leaves.

Liquid. Nutritional formula: 15 grams of urea, 15 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 kilograms of water, can be poured square meters.

2) The new technology of soilless cultivation of cucumber does not slow down the seedlings, and the seedlings can be raised and moved to shorten the growth period of soilless cultivation and increase.

Cultivation stubble count, increase the total yield. After moving the pole, insert a wooden strip and tie it firmly, leaving only 1 main vine and 1--2 side vines, and the rest are all erased. Top when there are 5-6 leaves at the upper end of the melon. Cucumber soilless cultivation has light disease and can be planted continuously.

In the vigorous period of cucumbers, you can clothe the seedlings, and when the yellow returns to the vigorous fruiting period, you can eliminate them. Change the seed on advance.

The breeding of cucumber seedlings makes the cucumber seedlings that grow vigorously and bear more fruit in the sand pot always be maintained, so as to double the yield.

Increase efficiency. 3) New technology of watermelon soilless cultivation Watermelon soilless cultivation can improve the maturity of 15-20 days, with high yield and quality.

Good, high economic benefits. Use a porcelain basin or plastic bag with a diameter of 30 cm and a height of 45 cm, and hold 15 cm pebbles in the lower part.

block, the upper part is filled with eight to ninety percent of clean river sand. Sow the sprouting watermelon seeds in the river sand, 1-2 per pot

grains, and finally leave a strong seedling; Or use nutrient bags to raise seedlings and then transplant them to the river sand, ignore the sowing seedlings, and just grow true leaves.

When the transplanted seedlings survive, start watering the nutrient solution, the dosage of each plant is 200-500 grams, and the upper and lower layers are applied once each, and the seedling stage.

The dosage can be smaller, and the later dosage can be caused. When the temperature is high and the light is strong, it can be watered once at noon, and each plant can be only.

Keep 1 main vine or 1 side vine, and bear 1-2 melons. Keep 7-8 leaves in front of the melon setting for topping. Other management with one.

The general cultivation is the same. The formula of the nutrient solution: 15 grams of urea, 5-10 grams of calcium nitrate, 4 grams of dihydrogen phosphate, nitrogen.

Potassium grams, ferric chloride grams, borax grams, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate 1 each

5 grams, the nutrient solution pH is --6.

Planting on the floor, like planting on the soil, will definitely work.

"100 Questions on Soilless Cultivation of Vegetables" is a book published by China Agricultural Press in 1999, and the authors are Jiang Weijie and Liu Wei

Soilless culture is a revolution in agricultural technology, which can produce crops in all places that are not suitable for general crop cultivation, such as barren beaches and barren slopes.

100 Questions on Soilless Cultivation of Vegetables" introduces the soilless cultivation substrate, common soilless cultivation system, and soilless seedling cultivation method in the form of questions and answers, and focuses on the various links of organic ecological soilless cultivation that can obtain efficient and high-quality products and is easy to operate, as well as the organic ecological soilless cultivation technology of tomatoes, cucumbers, melons, and leafy vegetables.

Common soilless vegetables are tomatoes, bitter gourds, eggplants, ginger, cucumbers, etc.

Tomatoes: Tomatoes can be cultivated without soil all year round, and tomatoes are cultivated without soil in a solar greenhouse.

Bitter gourd: Bitter gourd is a bitter gourd plant in the family Bitter gourd, with a sweet and bitter fruity taste, mainly used as a vegetable, and can also be used as a candied pickle, and is cultivated in both the north and the south.

Eggplant: In recent years, most of the eggplant cultivation has been cultivated in solar greenhouses and greenhouses, but due to continuous cropping and heavy cropping, soil-borne diseases have become increasingly serious.

Ginger: The traditional planting mode will cause more soil residues due to continuous cropping and infiltration, and there is no way to remove the ginger blast pathogenic bacteria, so that ginger is infected with ginger blast in the process of growth and planting, and this problem can be solved through soilless cultivation technology.

Cucumber: It is very susceptible to pests and diseases in the planting process, and the use of soilless cultivation technology can not only effectively avoid pests and diseases, soil infection, but also reduce the use of pesticides, and provide crop quality and yield.

Leafy vegetables such as lettuce, celery, coriander, and bok choy can be cultivated without soil <>, as well as fruit and vegetables such as tomatoes, cucumbers, and bitter gourd. The seeds are soaked in 32 warm water for 6 hours, and the substrate such as gravel and perlite is soaked in water before use. The sowing method is to first fill the plastic cup with soaked substrate, dig holes with fingers, if you plant fruits and vegetables with 2 seeds per hole, if you plant leafy vegetables, dig a ditch and sow seeds along the small ditch, and then cover it with substrate and press it lightly, cover it with film and wait for the seedlings to emerge.

1. Vegetable selection

Leafy vegetables that can be cultivated without soil include lettuce, celery, coriander, bok choy, rape, water spinach, lotus artemisia, etc., and fruit vegetables include: tomatoes, cucumbers, bitter gourds, cherry dill, etc. The ripening period of these dishes varies.

The maturity period of fruits and vegetables is generally 3-5 months, the maturity period of leafy vegetables is generally 2-3 months, the planting temperature of fruits and vegetables is about 10-25, and the light is seen all day, and the temperature and light requirements of leafy vegetables are relatively small.

2. Preparation of utensils

Prepare plastic cups, plastic flower pots or styrofoam boxes, with holes at the bottom and trays at the bottom, prick a few holes at the bottom of the plastic cups and cups, and use them when raising seedlings; kilograms of pottery, 1-2 kilograms of perlite or vermiculite, peat, rock wool can be; Concentrated nutrient solution No. 1 and No. 2 can be used after comprehensive dilution, and the nutrient solution can be diluted with two empty plastics.

3. Soaking and raising seedlings

Soak vegetable seeds in warm water at about 32 for 6 hours, and substrates such as gravel and perlite also need to be soaked in water before use. When sowing seedlings, the plastic cup is filled with soaked substrate, digging holes with fingers, if planting fruits and vegetables, 2 seeds per hole, if planting leafy vegetables, digging ditches and scattering seeds along small ditches, and then covering with substrate and pressing lightly, covering with plastic bags or films to keep warm and moisturize, and waiting for seedlings to emerge.

Fourth, post-management

1. After the seeds emerge, you need to water the diluted nutrient solution 1-2 times a day, and the tray can have exuding liquid. When the vegetable seedlings grow 2 leaves, start to thin the seedlings, leaving only one seedling with good growth in each hole, and pulling out all the excess weak seedlings.

2. When the vegetable seedlings grow with 3-5 true leaves, plant in a large pot, first spread a layer of soaked pottery gravel at the bottom of the pot to facilitate drainage, then spread perlite, transplant the seedlings into the large pot together with the substrate, and finally cover a layer of pottery gravel on the perlite. After changing the pot, water the nutrient solution, the first time to water thoroughly, it is advisable to seep out of the tray, water the nutrient solution once every 2 days in the late planting of leafy vegetables, with watering 2 times a day, fruits and vegetables do not water only water the nutrient solution, you need to water 2 times a day.

1. Tomato: The soilless cultivation of tomatoes is generally carried out in greenhouses, and this cultivation method can be carried out all year round. The soilless cultivation of tomato in solar greenhouse can be determined according to the performance of the greenhouse, and the stubble production is generally dominated by winter and spring stubble and early spring stubble.

2. Bitter gourd: bitter gourd is an annual climbing herbaceous plant of the Cucurbitaceae family, the stems, branches, petioles and peduncles are covered with pubescence, axillary tendrils, the conditions required for cultivation are not strict, the growth is vigorous, the fruit setting ability is strong, the harvest time is long, and it is very suitable for soilless cultivation.

3. Eggplant: In recent years, the area of eggplant cultivation in solar greenhouses and greenhouses has been expanding, but due to continuous cropping and heavy cropping, the disease, especially the rapid soil-borne disease, has been serious, and the use of soilless cultivation can overcome this problem, and it has gradually become popular in recent years.

4. Ginger: Ginger using the traditional planting mode of continuous cropping because it can not remove the residual nematodes and ginger blast pathogens in the soil, it is easy to be infected with ginger blast, once infected with ginger blast, a large number of plants will wither and die, the use of soilless cultivation can solve this problem.

5. Cucumber: cucumber is often harmed by pests and diseases in production, and soilless cultivation can avoid soil-borne pests and diseases and even jujube Changhe obstacles, and has the characteristics of reducing pesticide dosage, improving crop yield and quality, saving fertilizer and labor, and not being limited by land fertility.

Soilless vegetable cultivation technology requires the preparation of cultivation equipment and mastery of cultivation methods.

1. Cultivate messy utensils.

Soilless cultivation generally chooses plastic flower pots or plastic foam boxes, and punches holes at the bottom to ensure air permeability. Whether you are using a plastic flower pot or a plastic foam box, you need to wash and disinfect it in advance to remove any remaining germs or insect eggs in the utensils to ensure that the vegetables can grow normally.

2. Cultivation methods.

Hydroponics refers to the direct contact between vegetable roots and nutrient solution without the help of substrate fixation; Aeroponics refers to the process of putting a nutrient solution into a spraying device and then spraying it to provide the vegetables with the water and nutrients they need to grow. When selecting the nutrient solution, it is required to contain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur and other elements, and the core of soilless cultivation is to replace the soil with nutrient solution to provide nutrients.

Advantages of soilless vegetable cultivation:

1. The nutrients of soilless vegetables are provided by the nutrient solution, and the loss of water and nutrients is very small, and different nutrients are applied according to the growth stage of the vegetables, so they will grow more robust and thus produce more.

2. No soil cultivation, so there is no need to plough the land, plough the ground, weeding, save labor and labor, and nutrients can also be supplied regularly and quantitatively, which will not be wasted, and reduce labor to a greater extent.

3. It is not limited by soil quality, water quality and other conditions. It can be cultivated even in buildings or abandoned factories, and it can also save planting area; There are no seasonal restrictions, and a variety of vegetables can be grown throughout the year.

Water must need to be recycled, and nutrients can be added to the water to meet the needs of growth.

"role="Figure water-nourished hyacinths.

Nutrient solution is used to raise flowers, usually in containers such as plastic pots, and with substrates such as vermiculite. When planting, first mix various substrates in a certain proportion or put them separately into plastic pots, and then plant seedlings that have grown 3 5 leaves in pots**. Before planting, put the roots with soil in clean water, gently wash the root mud, and then soak the roots in a solution 5 10 times thinner than the normal concentration of nutrient solution for about 10 minutes, so that they can fully absorb the nutrients.

After planting, a layer of quartz sand or small stones is spread to fix the plants, and the nutrient solution is poured from all sides of the container immediately until the nutrient solution flows out of the drainage hole at the bottom of the pot.

Water every 1 3 days, water the dilute nutrient solution every 7 10 days, and then water the nutrient solution of normal concentration after the plant returns to normal growth. Generally, during the growth period of indoor potted flowers, large seedlings are watered with nutrient solution every 7 15 days, and small seedlings are watered every 15 20 days; During the dormant period of flowers, flowers are generally not watered with nutrient solution. The number of nutrient solution each time, generally the inner diameter of the pot is about 20 cm of positive flowers, each time about 100 ml, the amount of negative flowers should be reduced.

If you are using a long-acting flower fertilizer, please refer to the product instructions for its dosage. For beginners, it is necessary to pay attention to the appropriate amount when pouring the nutrient solution, rather less than too much. If it is applied too much, it is often easy to cause harm such as scorched leaves.

Vegetables cultivated in soilless water bodies: lettuce, rape, celery, beets, wuta-tsai cabbage, dwarf tomatoes, peppers, purple-backed geraniums, water spinach, leeks, garlic sprouts, lettuce, cherry radish, koji hemp cabbage, endive, amaranth, apricot.

2. Vegetables cultivated on soilless substrate: potatoes, radish, bell peppers, sharp peppers, tomatoes, eggplants and above vegetables.