What are the common varieties of vegetables cultivated without soil

Greenhouse cultivation should choose varieties that are resistant to low temperature and high humidity, have fast growth, early maturity and compact plant size.

1) Elizabeth is an extra-early maturing variety introduced from Japan. The fruit is round and spherical, the skin is yellow and smooth, the weight of a single melon is 500 600 grams, the fruit shape is neat, the melon is consistent, the flesh is white, and the flesh is thick centimeters. The meat is soft and fine, juicy and slightly fragrant.

Refractive sugar content 13% 15%. 2 3 melons per plant. This variety is resistant to moisture and disease, but not powdery mildew.

2) Gyokuro The growth of this product is strong, early maturity, the whole growth period is 90 100 days, the flowering to fruit maturity period is 36 40 days, the fruit is spherical, the peel color is milky white, and there are sparse reticulations; The flesh is thick centimeters, the flesh is pale white-green, the flesh is soft, the quality is good, the soluble sugar content is 14% 15%, and the weight of a single melon is 700 1500 grams. When the variety is fully ripe, it is easy to fall off the stalk and have individual fruit cracks. More resistant to viral diseases and leaf blight.

3) Empress is also known as New Miza No. 1, and the trade name is Golden Queen. The whole growth period is 105 days, and the weight of a single melon is 3 5 kg. The fruit is oval, and the skin is golden and covered with dark green bands, fully reticulated.

The flesh is orange-red, the flesh is 4 cm thick, the flesh is fine, crisp, loose and refreshing. The refractive sugar content is more than 15%. The peel is hard and resistant to storage and transportation.

The requirements for fertilizer and water are higher, and in case of drought during the fruit expansion period, it is easy to grow into crooked melons, which is more resistant to disease.

4) Zhongmi No. 2 is late maturing, and matures about 50 to 55 days after pollination. The plant grows robustly and is prone to fruit set. The fruit is round, the peel is green, and the gray-white reticulation is convex, and the reticulation is dense, uniform and beautiful.

A single melon weighs kilograms. The flesh is light green, soft, sweet, and has a sugar content of 15% to 17%.

There are many varieties of melons, and only 4 different types of melon varieties are selected to be introduced.

The organic ecological soilless cultivation method has a wide range of adaptability to the varieties of melon, basically the excellent varieties that are suitable for greenhouse planting can try to be planted by this method, and readers can choose excellent varieties according to local habits and market demand.

Definition of Soilless Cultivation:

It refers to all cultivation methods that do not use soil and can complete the entire life cycle of plants (including flowering, fruiting, and maturity), which are collectively referred to as soilless culture.

Conventional soilless cultivation for the commercial production of melons and vegetables still has great limitations, and the new generation of soilless cultivation - organic melon and vegetable factories have made a great breakthrough and become very practical.

Common basic methods of soilless cultivation:

The main method is to prepare a nutrient solution for plant growth according to 16 necessary elements such as N, P, K, G, M, X and so on required for plant growth (all of which are indispensable, otherwise plants cannot live and cannot grow).

Nutrient solution preparation Description: To complete 16 kinds of necessary elements, a variety of raw materials are needed, and chemical raw materials, chemical fertilizers have many impurities, which are easy to produce chemical reactions and affect the absorption and utilization of nutrients (it will not work for two days, and the plants will not grow), and cannot be used to prepare nutrient solution. Therefore, it is necessary to use high-purity chemical reagents to prepare the nutrient solution, and first prepare it into blocks to make A, B, and C solutions, and then inject the nutrient solution storage pool (tank) at the same time when used to prevent resistance.

The nutrient solution that people buy is often not effective, and this is the reason for this.

Culture tank: If you have a nutrient solution, you need to have a container to hold it. It is often necessary to choose PC tubes, extruded plastic boards, stainless steel, foam boards, etc., which can resist corrosion, to establish a firm culture tank and fill the nutrient solution.

It is necessary to build a distribution system of nutrient solution, a circulation system (melon and vegetable plants are easy to be drowned by water, and the nutrient solution should be circulated and brought in air), and a monitoring system (to monitor the salt concentration in the nutrients, if the plant is high, the plant will die, and if it is low, it will not grow well).

Plants can't stand in the nutrient solution (water), so they have to fix the plants; The use of rock wool, foam boards, planting cups, ceramsite to fix the plant is called: hydroponics. The substrate culture of the plant is called substrate culture, the root system is fixed, and the nutrient solution is sprayed hydraulically by means of grass charcoal, perlite, vermiculite, etc.

Soilless cultivation Investment: construction of culture tanks, distribution systems of nutrient solutions, circulation systems, etc. Except for greenhouses, one acre requires an investment of tens of thousands of yuan.

The use of soilless culture: mainly used for landscape modeling such as flowers, such as dragons and phoenixes, any shape is very convenient, easy to take care of, strong durability, very good. Now the price of vegetables in China is much lower than that of foreign countries, and it is not recommended to use vegetables; Not to mention the large investment, the cost of the vegetables planted is high, the quality is poor - the chemical pollution is heavy, the taste is light and the taste is not good.

The price of foreign dishes is high, and the requirements for the flavor of melons and vegetables are not strict, which is suitable for development.

New methods of soilless culture:

At present, there are agricultural wastes such as straw manure and leaves and weeds (in the past, organic fertilizer from farms) as raw materials to make culture materials for industrial soilless cultivation of organic melons and vegetables. The investment in this method is relatively small, the cost of melons and vegetables is relatively low, and it is more important to solve the problem of chemical fertilizer pollution, soil diseases and insect hazards, which can not only provide sufficient organic nutrients for melons and vegetables, but also provide precise and accurate water supply according to the requirements of melons and vegetables, and produce melons and vegetables with strong flavor. Strong practicality and more merits!

Vegetables cultivated in soilless water bodies: lettuce, rape, celery, beets, wuta-tsai cabbage, dwarf tomatoes, peppers, purple-backed geraniums, water spinach, leeks, garlic sprouts, lettuce, cherry radish, koji hemp cabbage, endive, amaranth, apricot.

Soilless hydroponic vegetables: lettuce, rape, celery, beets, water spinach, leeks, garlic sprouts, amaranth, wuta-tsai cabbage, dwarf tomatoes, peppers, purple-backed geranium.

Water spinach, leeks, garlic sprouts, lettuce.

Cherry radish, koji hemp greens.

Endive, amaranth, apricot.

Soilless hydroponics: Hydroponic vegetables refer to vegetables that grow most of their roots in the nutrient solution layer and only provide water, nutrients and oxygen through the nutrient solution, which are different from those cultivated in the traditional soil cultivation form, but some substrates may be used when raising seedlings.

Lettuce soilless planting method.

First, lettuce soilless planting method.

1. Soak the seeds in clean water at about 20 for 3-4 hours, drain the water and put them on clean and moist gauze, germinate in 15-20 environments, and the seeds can be exposed in 2-3 days.

2. Lettuce should be cultivated in autumn, winter and spring, and the seeds should be sown in a fixed place, such as vermiculite.

Sow 1-2 seeds per cup in a planting cup or a seedling tray containing the seedling substrate, and cover it with a layer of substrate after sowing. Then cover with shade nets, drench enough water, keep it moist, and wait for the seedlings to emerge. About 10 days before planting, the water should be properly controlled according to the seedling condition.

When the seedlings have 6-7 true leaves, the seedlings are planted in a nutrient bowl**, and then the seedlings are filled with vermiculite.

3. The formula of nutrient solution suitable for lettuce growth is (grams): calcium nitrate 621, potassium nitrate.

444, Trim potassium phosphate monobasic.

Magnesium sulfate 500, ammonium nitrate.

69。In the early stage of planting, due to the small plant and underdeveloped root system, it can be deeper, and the depth of the nutrient solution is kept at about 10 cm, so it is advisable to soak it to the bottom of the planting cup 1-2 cm, with the elongation and growth of the root system, the water level can be gradually reduced, and the liquid level can be reduced to 5-8 cm, so that a part of the root system is exposed to the air, so as to increase the opportunity for root oxygen absorption, promote root development and plant growth.

4. When the plants reach the harvesting standard, they should be harvested in time. The harvest period is different for different varieties and different cultivation seasons, and the growth period of non-bulbling lettuce is 60-90 days, and the growth period of bulb-bearing lettuce is 100-120 days.

2. Precautions for planting.

1. Due to the short growth period of lettuce, if there is no large physiological disease in the cultivation process, the nutrient solution does not need to be replaced, and can be used continuously for 3-4 months to produce 2-3 crops to reduce the cost of fertilizer production.

2. Lettuce likes cold climate, and the suitable temperature for growth is 15-20, which is most suitable for growing in an environment with a large temperature difference between day and night and low temperature at night. The daytime temperature can be kept at 18-20, more than 25 should be ventilated, and the night temperature can be kept at 10-12.

3. Carbon dioxide can be used.

Cylinders or carbon dioxide generators are used to increase carbon dioxide gas fertilizer to supplement the carbon dioxide in the shed and promote photosynthesis of plants.

Increase yields.

Hydroponics: lettuce, rape, celery, beets, wuta-tsai cabbage, dwarf tomatoes, peppers, purple-backed geraniums, water spinach, leeks, garlic sprouts, lettuce, cherry radish, koji hemp cabbage, endive, amaranth, apricot.

Rock wool cultivation: tomatoes, cucumbers, bitter gourds, zucchini, bell peppers, etc.

Substrate cultivation: potatoes, turnips, bell peppers, peppers, tomatoes, eggplants, etc.

1. Vegetables cultivated without soil include cabbage, lettuce, leeks, celery, garlic sprouts, etc.

2. The seeds used are the same as those cultivated in soil, but before planting soilless vegetables, the seeds must be seedled.

What are the vegetables that can be cultivated without soil? There are many vegetables that can be cultivated without soil, such as green vegetables, radishes, cauliflowers, and many other vegetables can be cultivated selflessly.

1. Soilless hydroponics: lettuce, rape, celery, beets, water spinach, leeks, garlic sprouts, amaranth, etc.

2. Rock wool cultivation: tomatoes, cucumbers, bitter gourds, zucchini, bell peppers, etc.

3. Substrate cultivation: potatoes, radish, bell peppers, peppers, tomatoes, eggplants, etc.

Advantages of soilless cultivation of vegetables.

1. It can improve yield: the various nutrients required by crops in soilless cultivation are artificially prepared into nutrient solution and applied, which can be scientifically optimized according to the type of crop and the different growth stages of the same crop, so the crop grows and develops robustly and has strong growth potential.

2. Clean and hygienic environment: soilless cultivation uses inorganic fertilizer, and soil cultivation applies organic fertilizer and fertilizer decomposition and fermentation, which produces odor and pollutes the environment, and will also make the eggs of many pests breed and harm crops, so soilless cultivation does not have these problems.

3. Water-saving, fertilizer-saving, labor-saving: soilless cultivation does not require cultivating, ploughing, hoeing and other operations, which is labor-saving and labor-saving. Watering and topdressing are solved at the same time, and they are regularly and quantitatively supplied by the liquid supply system, which will not cause waste, and the management is very convenient, which greatly reduces the labor intensity.

1. Tomatoes. Tomatoes can be cultivated in sunlight greenhouses all year round, but when they are cultivated in solar greenhouses, they need to arrange specific cultivation times according to the conditions in the solar greenhouse, and tomatoes are suitable for cultivation in winter, spring and early spring.

2. Eggplant. At present, solar greenhouses are used and greenhouses are used to cultivate eggplant, because of the continuous cropping and heavy stubble of the plot, etc., resulting in various diseases, especially soil-borne diseases, which are more serious, and the use of soilless cultivation can solve this situation, so eggplant is very suitable for soilless cultivation.

3. Bitter gourd. Bitter gourd has a bitter taste, can be used to make candied pickles, is planted in the north and south of our country, has the advantages of vigorous growth, strong fruit setting ability, long picking time, etc., the conditions required for cultivation are not very high, so it is very suitable for soilless cultivation.

4. Ginger. There are more ginger planted in the traditional way, but continuous cropping will make the soil residue more, and the residual nematodes and ginger blast pathogens will be easily infected with ginger blast after ginger planting, resulting in the wilting and death of ginger plants, so soilless cultivation can be used to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.

5. Cucumbers. When planting cucumbers in the traditional way, it is easy to suffer from pests and diseases, and the use of soilless cultivation of cucumbers can not only effectively avoid the occurrence of pests and diseases, but also reduce the use of pesticides, reduce fertilizers and labor, and have the advantages of improving crop quality and yield, so cucumbers are very suitable for soilless cultivation.

As the name suggests, soilless cultivation does not require soil in the process of planting, and the common types of soilless cultivation include hydroponics, rock wool cultivation, substrate cultivation and so on. There are many varieties of vegetables suitable for soilless cultivation, such as tomatoes, eggplants, bitter gourds, ginger, cucumbers, coriander, sharp peppers, and so on.

Nowadays, soilless cultivation is one of the most advanced cultivation technologies in the world, and it has many advantages compared to soil cultivation, and there are many vegetables and fruits that are suitable for soilless cultivation today.

Vegetable varieties suitable for soilless cultivation.

As the name suggests, soilless cultivation does not require soil in the process of plantingThe common types of soilless culture are hydroponics, rock wool cultivation, substrate cultivation, and so on

There are many varieties of vegetables that are suitable for soilless cultivationCommon ones are tomatoes, eggplants, bitter gourds, ginger, cucumbers, coriander, sharp peppers, and so on

1. Tomatoes.

Tomatoes can be cultivated all year round without soil, but it is necessary to create suitable indoor conditions in a solar greenhouse, and the best time to grow them is in winter and spring.

2. Eggplant.

At present, eggplant is also cultivated in solar greenhouses or greenhouses, and the soil-borne diseases of this crop are more serious, so it is suitable for soilless cultivation, which can effectively solve this problem.

3. Bitter gourd.

This plant is planted in the north of China's southern Yuzao, the plant has strong fruit setting ability, long picking time, and the requirements for cultivation conditions are not very high, and it is also very suitable for soilless cultivation.

4. Ginger.

If the ginger is continuously cropped, it will cause more soil residues and cause the plant to be infected with ginger blast, so it is recommended to use soilless cultivation to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.

5. Cucumbers.

Cucumbers are generally planted in traditional ways, and if soilless cultivation is adopted, the amount of pesticides can be reduced, and it has the advantage of improving crop quality and yield, so it is very suitable for soilless cultivation.