What safety devices are there for construction elevators?

1. a buffer device; Construction hoists.

The buffer spring is installed on the spring seat that is connected with the foundation frame, when the falling accident occurs in the cage, reduce the impact of the cage, ensure that the cage and the counterweight fall to the ground when they become flexible contact simultaneously, and slow down the impact when the cage and the counterweight land.

2. Electrical safety switch.

1.Electrical interlock limit switches.

Construction hoist travel switch.

Also known as limit switch, it is used to control the stroke and limit protection of mechanical equipment, and is an electrical appliance that switches circuits according to the travel position of moving parts. Principle: one set is normally open, one group is normally closed.

2.limit switches; After the limit protection device fails, cut off the main power supply, and the emergency switch cannot be automatically reset.

3. Mechanical interlocking device.

The mechanical interlocking device should be used with the electrical safety switch, when people and goods enter and exit, the door is not closed or closed tightly, the cage will stop working, the elevator equipment is working, the door is opened, the cage control circuit is cut off, and the cage stops running.

1.safety door mechanical interlocking device; The fence door of the construction elevator has a mechanical lock hook and an electrical interlocking limit switch, and when the equipment is running, the fence and the mechanical hook fail, if the cage is still running, the mechanical hook and the limit switch are invalid.

Fourth, the anti-fall safety device.

The fall safety device is an important safety device for the construction lift, which is installed inside the cage, and when the height of the cage slides due to failure, the fall arrester.

The car will be braked smoothly within a certain distance to prevent it from falling and ensure the safety of personnel. A fall arrest test must be done every quarter to check whether the fall arrester test date has expired.

Fifth, the construction of elevators.

Overload protector.

The construction elevator overload protector is installed at the connection between the cage and the drive board (connecting the pin shaft, sensing the weight in the cage, when the equipment is overloaded, the alarm and cutting off the circuit can not be started. The weight signal is converted and transmitted to the weight limiter.

6. Safety hook.

When the cage goes up to the top of the rail frame safety protection facility, it is safely hooked on the guide rail frame to prevent the cage from detaching from the rail frame or the gear at the output end of the anti-falling safety device from the rack, so as to ensure that the cage does not overturn and fall accidents.

7. Other security measures.

1.emergency stop switch; In the event of an emergency for various reasons during the operation of the car, the driver can press the emergency stop switch at any time to stop the operation of the car.

2.floor pager; In order to enable the driver in the construction elevator cage to receive the call information of each floor, a closed-circuit two-way electrical communication device is installed.

3.floor protection doors; In the passage of material transportation and people in and out of the floor, the personnel can not open the door during the operation of the construction hoist, the height of the floor door should not be less than, the width difference between the width and the width of the cage door should not be greater than 120mm, the horizontal distance between the landing door and the closed cage door should not exceed 200mm, and the lower edge of the landing door should be less than 50mm from the channel.

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1. Protection against exceeding the stroke: forced deceleration switch, limit switch, limit switch;

2. Protection against elevator overspeed and broken rope: speed limiter, safety gear;

3. Protection against personnel shearing and falling: the door, door lock and door electrical safety contact are jointly undertaken;

4. Buffer device: buffer;

5. Alarm and rescue device:

Alarm devices include: alarm bells, intercom devices, internal straight line alarms or network networking;

The rescue device includes: the emergency manual operation device of the traction machine and the manual unlocking device of the landing door, the emergency electric running device, the hoistway safety door, the car safety door, and the car safety window.

6. Stop switch and maintenance operation device: The stop switch is generally called the emergency stop switch, which is on the top of the car as required

A stop switch must be installed between the pit and the pulley. The overhaul operation is to facilitate the overhaul and maintenance and set the operating state, which is controlled by the overhaul operation device installed on the car top or other places, when the parts other than the car roof such as: machine room, car also have overhaul operation device, it is necessary to ensure that the overhaul switch of the car roof is "preferred".

7. Fire fighting function.

8. Protection against mechanical injuries.

9. Electrical safety protection: protection of direct electric shock, protection of inter-contact electricity, protection of electrical fault - protection against power supply phase failure and wrong phase;

10. Electrical safety device: directly cut off the safety contact of the power contactor or intermediate relay of the driving host; The safety contacts that do not directly cut off the above contactors or intermediate relays and the contacts that do not meet the requirements of the safety contacts.

Safety gear device: The car should be equipped with a safety gear device that can act when descending. When the speed of the speed limiter is reached, and even when the suspension device is broken, the safety gear device should be able to clamp the guide rail and stop the car equipped with the rated load capacity and keep it stationary.

When the safety gear device acts, an electrical safety device installed on it should stop the motor before or at the same time when the safety gear device acts.

Speed limiter: Usually installed in the machine room or at the top of the hoistway, it is a device that limits the running speed of the car (or counterweight). When the running speed of the car reaches the limit value, the speed limiter acts, so that the wedges of the safety gear on both sides of the car are lifted synchronously and the guide rail is clamped.

Buffer: Set at the limit position at the bottom of the stroke of the car and counterweight. If the buffer runs with the car or against the car, it should be provided with a bearing that collides with it at the end of the stroke, and the height of the support should be at least.

Overspeed protection switch: Before the speed limiter mechanical action, the switch action cuts off the control loop and makes the elevator stop running.

Upper and lower end station override protection: Forced deceleration switch, end station limit switch and terminal limit switch are set at the top and bottom end of the shaft. Cut off the control circuit before the car or counterweight hits the buffer.

Electrical safety protection: Most of the elevator mechanical safety devices are equipped with corresponding electrical equipment to form an electrical safety protection line. Such as power supply system phase off, phase out of phase protection device; electrical interlocking device of landing door and car door; emergency operation device and stop touch protection device; Overhaul and operation devices for car roof, car and machine room, etc.

Material Elimination Elevator:

1 Safety device.

1) Lifting weight limiters and anti-fall safety devices should be installed, and should be sensitive and reliable;

2) The safety stop device should meet the requirements of the specification and should be finalized;

3) The upper stroke limit should be installed and sensitive and reliable, and the safe crossing should not be less than 3m;

4) The material hoist with an installation height of more than 30m should be equipped with a progressive anti-fall safety device and an automatic stop layer, voice and image signal monitoring device.

Construction hoists.

1 Safety device.

1) The lifting weight limiter should be installed, and it should be sensitive and reliable;

2) Progressive anti-fall safety devices should be installed and should be sensitive and reliable, and should be used within the effective standard period;

3) The counterweight wire rope should be installed with an anti-loosening rope device, and should be sensitive and reliable;

4) The control device of the cage should be installed with a non-automatic reset emergency stop switch, and the control circuit can be cut off at any time to stop the operation of the cage;

5) The chassis should be installed with a cage and a counterweight buffer, and the buffer should meet the requirements of the specification;

6) More than one pair of safety hooks should be installed on the SC type construction hoist.

2 Limiting device.

1) Non-automatic reset limit switch should be installed and should be sensitive and reliable;

2) The upper and lower limit switches of automatic reset should be installed and should be sensitive and reliable, and the installation positions of the upper and lower limit switches should meet the requirements of the specification;

3) The safe overrun between the upper limit switch and the upper limit switch should not be less than that of Chunqing;

4) The limit switch and limit switch should be equipped with a bridge to hold an independent trigger element;

5) The cage door should be installed with an electromechanical interlocking device and should be sensitive and reliable;

6) The top window of the cage should be equipped with an electrical safety switch and should be sensitive and reliable.

The state has a series of standards for elevators, and elevators also need to install a series of safety devices to ensure the safety of passengers. According to the query information, it can be known that the following safety devices are usually installed in elevators:

1. Door lock system: When the elevator is running, the door lock system will lock the car door and floor door to avoid passengers from entering the elevator shaft.

2. Operation panel and button: The operation panel and button are divided into internal and external two, which are located inside the car and next to the floor door, which can control the operation of the elevator.

3. Reactor and controller: The reactor is used to detect the position and speed information of the elevator, and the controller realizes the control and scheduling of the elevator according to the feedback signal of the reactor.

4. Emergency stop device: The emergency stop device can immediately cut off the power supply when there is a safety problem or failure, so that the elevator can stop running.

5. Safety doors, lights and alarms: safety doors can avoid passengers from accidentally touching the switch when the elevator is running, and the lights and alarms can remind passengers to pay attention to safety when the elevator fails or is abnormal.

6. Upper and lower limit switches: When the elevator reaches the highest or lowest floor, the upper and lower limit switches will automatically trigger the elevator to stop running to avoid exceeding the safety range.

7. Speed protection device: The speed protection device can detect the running speed of the elevator, and when it exceeds the safety range, it is known that it will immediately cut off the source of electric difference and stop the operation of the elevator.

8. Buffer and shock absorption device: The buffer and shock absorption device can absorb the impact force and vibration during the operation of the elevator, ensure the smooth operation of the elevator, and avoid injury to passengers.

<>1. Before entering the site for construction, the construction personnel shall make a safety technical disclosure and take up their posts with certificates.

2. The construction scope of the construction elevator foundation is small, and the construction type involves steel bars, concrete, etc., and all safety construction aspects need to pay special attention to the arrangement and coordination of the construction process.

3. All construction personnel must wear safety helmets when entering the construction site;

4. During welding and cutting operations, all personnel must be equipped with protective clothing, protective gloves, protective covers, etc.;

5. During the construction of the elevator foundation, it is strictly forbidden to construct the upper and lower processes on the same construction surface at the same time;

6. It is strictly forbidden to climb the slope wall, and it is strictly forbidden for any person to destroy the foundation pit wall;

7, the construction elevator electrical equipment must be grounded and connected to zero according to the regulations, and equipped with a secondary anti-leakage protection switch, electricians must be certified to work, and often carry out safety inspections of all electrical equipment, all non-electricians shall not move and disassemble the electric mold shelter equipment in the site, and must check whether the leakage switch is out of order before starting work every day.

8. Each construction elevator electrical equipment should have its own special switch box, and the "one machine and one gate" system must be implemented, and it is strictly forbidden to use the same switch to directly control two electrical equipment (including sockets).

9. The switching electrical appliances in the switch box of the construction elevator must be able to use electrical equipment to implement power isolation under any circumstances, and the leakage protector must be installed in the switch box. 10. The rated leakage action current of the leakage protector in the switch box should not be greater than 30mA, and the rated leakage action time should not be greater than. The leakage protector used in wet or corrosive medium places should be splash-proof products, and its rated leakage action current should not be greater than 15mA, and the rated leakage action time should not be greater than.

11. The electrical appliances in the distribution box and switch box of the construction elevator must be reliable and intact, and damaged and unqualified electrical appliances are not allowed.

12. The metal box of the distribution box and switch box of the construction elevator and the metal shell of all electrical equipment must be grounded for protection. The box door should be intact and lockable, and there should be rainproof and dustproof protection measures, and there should be danger signs. The unified number of distribution boxes and switch boxes is managed by licensed full-time electricians.

13. The mechanical operator should concentrate on the operation of the machine, and should not talk to idlers, and shall not leave the job at will or hand over the machinery to untrained and unlicensed personnel to operate.

14. Machinery and equipment should be used correctly according to the requirements of its technical performance, and there is a lack of safety devices or mechanical equipment that has failed in all devices.

The safety protection device of the elevator is generally composed of a combination of mechanical and electrical, and the common ones are as follows:

1. Brake (brake): After the elevator stops running, rely on the brake to brake to ensure that the elevator stops at a certain position;

2. Speed limiter - safety gear (including safety switch): When the elevator overspeed reaches a certain value, the first speed limiter switch action, cut off the safety circuit, if the elevator continues to overspeed, the speed limiter will brake the speed limiting wire rope, then the safety gear is lifted, the guide rail is stuck, the elevator is forced to stop, and the safety gear switch also acts at the same time. (This explanation does not specify the direction of elevator operation, because some elevators are also equipped with a counterweight speed limiter-safety gear linkage mechanism);

3. Upper and lower limit switch: when the elevator goes up or down and exceeds the leveling area of the upper and lower end stations by 100-150mm, the corresponding limit switch action cuts off the safety circuit and forces the elevator to stop running;

4. Buffer: In the state of non-human control, the elevator is used as the last protection device of the elevator after the failure of the above-mentioned protection device to ensure that the elevator has a buffering effect after the upward or downward crossing, and reduces the impact force when the elevator is finally forced to stop. When the buffer is actuated, the buffer switch is actuated to cut off the safety circuit.

However, there is no buffer switch for low-speed elevators using spring buffers or rubber buffers.