What are the raw materials used to make steel?

The main raw material of steel is iron ore.

and coke. Among them, iron ore is the most important raw material, and coke is an important reducer in the process of steel processing, which requires a large amount. Therefore, in the manufacturing process of steel, iron ore and coke are the most important raw materials, and they are also the most important factors affecting steel.

Before iron ore is processed, it needs to be made into iron concentrate powder, on the one hand, because iron concentrate powder is easy to transport, occupies a small volume, and the transportation cost is relatively low, and on the other hand, because iron ore is processed into iron concentrate powder and it is easier to burn in the blast furnace. Iron concentrate powder is added to coke at high temperature in the furnace, and then smelted into molten iron, which becomes the most basic pig iron, and then through firing and casting to obtain the most basic crude steel, if further processing is required, it has to enter the subsequent process. Basically, that's what steel manufacturing is all about.

The basic raw material should be iron ore, or magnetite, with the main component of 4 oxide and 3 iron; Steelmaking also requires the use of high-grade coke and some additives. At present, in addition to its own mining, iron ore in China mainly relies on imports, especially high-grade ores are imported, generally from South America or Australia, international procurement competition is fierce, especially with Japan's procurement market is particularly fierce, **rise too fast, difficult to determine**, generally imported at annual prices. A lot of the steel produced in steel mills is digested by itself and processed into downstream products.

Other companies that sell to the steel industry.

Extracted from iron ore. Ironmaking, the process of refining from iron-bearing minerals (mainly iron oxides), mainly includes blast furnace method, direct reduction method, melt reduction method, and plasma method. From a metallurgical point of view, ironmaking is the reverse of iron rusting and gradual mineralization, simply put, the reduction of pure iron from iron-containing compounds.

The source of steel is iron ore, that is, the existence form of iron element (Fe) in nature, pure iron does not exist in nature, iron ore is mainly divided into magnetite, hematite, limonite three kinds, these are iron oxides, the difference is in their oxidation mode.

The raw materials for the manufacture of steel are mainly composed of iron ore and coke, iron ore is the main raw material of steel, and coke is the main fuel for refining steel, both are indispensable!

As it stands, there are two raw materials. One is scrap iron and the other is iron ore. Now that China does not use scrap iron to make steel, the cost of making steel from scrap iron is too high.

Therefore, China is now using iron ore to make steel, and the performance of the steel billet made from ore is stable. The quality is up to standard, and there is no such defective product.

Iron and cored wire is a master alloy composed of one or several elements, and the cored wire is mainly used for steel smelting. In the iron and steel industry, the core of the cored wire is generally called "iron-clad cored wire gold" regardless of whether the iron-clad ferroalloy contains iron or not (such as silicon-calcium alloy). It is customary to also include certain pure metal additives and oxide additives.

The steelmaking process can meet the requirements of general users for steel quality. In order to meet the needs of higher quality and more varieties of high-grade steel, a variety of methods of furnace treatment (also known as furnace refining) of molten steel have emerged. For example, argon blowing treatment, vacuum degassing, desulfurization outside the furnace, etc., after additional treatment of the molten steel made by converters, open-hearth furnaces, and electric arc furnaces, high-grade steel grades can be produced.

For some special purposes, the steel that requires extra high quality and still cannot meet the requirements with external treatment, it is necessary to use special steelmaking methods. For example, electroslag remelting is a refining process in which steel smelted in converters, open-hearth furnaces, electric arc furnaces, etc., is cast or forged into electrodes, and secondary remelting is carried out through slag resistance heat; Vacuum metallurgy, that is, the metallurgical process carried out at a pressure of less than 1 atmosphere up to ultra-high vacuum, including the smelting, purification, refining, forming and processing of metals and alloys.

Steelmaking is mainly made of pig iron made from blast furnaces, sponge iron smelted by direct reduction ironmaking method and scrap steel as raw materials, and steelmade by different methods. There are three main steelmaking methods: converter steelmaking, open-hearth steelmaking, and electric arc furnace steelmaking (see steel, converter, open-hearth, electric arc furnace).

After the molten steel is smelted in the steelmaking furnace, it must be injected into the casting mold by a steel drum (ladle) and solidified into a certain shape of ingots or billets before it can be reprocessed. Ingot casting can be divided into upper casting method and lower casting method. The upper cast steel ingot generally has a better internal structure, less inclusions, and low operating costs; The surface quality of the lower cast steel ingot is good, but the inclusions in the steel increase due to the passage of the middle injection pipe and the soup channel.

In recent years, new technologies such as continuous steel casting, pressure casting, and vacuum casting have emerged in ingots.

Iron and steel enterprises are generally composed of a number of processes, that is, a number of branches, from ironmaking, coking, power to steelmaking, rolling steel, involving no less than 100 kinds of raw materials, on the whole, the most important of all raw materials is iron ore, followed by all kinds of alloy ore, white ash and other auxiliary materials, and then coal, electricity, oxygen, nitrogen, argon water and other power media. Muffled.

If you just ask about the steelmaking plant, then the most important raw material is molten iron, which is produced from iron ore in the ironmaking process, and then there are dozens of various alloy ores, materials, lime and other auxiliary materials, oxygen, nitrogen, argon, coal water, compressed air and other power media, and electric furnace steelmaking is mainly electricity.

Qualified products produced by plastic processing of carbon structural steel with sulfur and phosphorus content within the range of carbon content.

Ordinary steel is mostly in the form of strips, profiles and wires**. Ordinary steel is the earliest and largest basic material used in industry, and is widely used in various sectors of the national economy such as building structures, bridge components, hull structures, transportation, machinery manufacturing, agriculture, light textiles, national defense industry, metal products, food industry, household appliances, etc.

This kind of steel has good plasticity, low deformation resistance of metal, less energy consumption in production, easy quality control, simple process (the basic process only has three stages of heating, rolling and cooling), and is generally used directly without heat treatment, and the earliest large-scale, continuous, automated, high-speed production is realized, and the production cost is low.

1. There are pig iron, ferroalloy, platinum and other materials, as well as radioactive uranium, radium, etc., which are all steelmaking materials. On the market, steel can be divided into ordinary and high-quality according to quality; According to the use, it can be divided into structural steel, tool steel, special steel, etc.; According to the carbon content, there is a difference between low-carbon, medium-carbon, and high-carbon.

2. According to its alloy, there is alloy steel, but alloy steel needs to be divided according to the total amount of alloying elements. If it is controlled within 5%, it is a low-alloy steel. Between 5% and 10%, it is medium alloy steel. If it is more than 10%, it means that it is high-alloy steel.

3. It can be seen that the material of steel can be divided according to its chemical composition, in addition to other methods, such as according to the forming method, can also be classified according to the use or metallographic structure, and can also be divided according to the quality.

The raw materials of steel structure enterprises are all kinds of steel.

Steel is widely used and varied, according to the different cross-sectional shapes, steel is generally divided into four categories: profiles, plates, pipes and metal products. Steel is a material of a certain shape, size, and properties that ingots, billets, or steel are made by pressure processing. Most steel processing is carried out by pressure processing, which causes plastic deformation of the processed steel (billets, ingots, etc.).

According to the different processing temperatures of steel, it can be divided into two types: cold working and hot working.

Building materials - rebar, wire rod, coil screw, round bar.

Pipes - seamless pipes, welded pipes.

Plates - cold and hot-rolled coils, medium and heavy plates, color-coated sheets (galvanized sheets, color-coated sheets, tinplated sheets, aluminum-galvanized steel sheets), silicon steel, strip steel.

Profiles - corner grooves, H-beams, square steels, flat bars, ball flat bars.

Of course, the raw material of steel structure processing enterprises is steel. Steel structural components are products, and steel is raw materials; No matter what kind of steel structure products are processed, steel is inseparable. As for welding consumables and cutting gases, they are auxiliary materials and process materials, not raw materials that constitute the main body of the product.

Profiles (angle steel, steel pipes, H-beams, square steels, round bars, etc.), plates (thick plates), bolts (high-strength bolts, ordinary bolts, installation bolts), rivets (riveting), fluxes, coatings, color rolls, insulation materials (rock wool, mineral wool, polystyrene board, etc.), etc.

Landlord, there are many types of steel, you go down to the steel warehouse to see how to pull, this is the most intuitive understanding. For example, steel plates for production machinery, rebar for construction, shells for washing machines, etc. are all steel plates. As for its chemical composition, find out if necessary.