What are the characteristics of the times of classical Chinese literature and the cultural character

The culture of ancient Chinese literature can be summarized into three main types:1Patriarchal culture 2

Agrarian culture 3Kinship culture. These three cultures constitute the mainstream of traditional Chinese culture.

And with the evolution of history, they have become more and more interpenetrating and interpenetrating. For example: in the big family of feudal society, blood relations are very important, especially emphasizing the hierarchical gap in generation and status, so great importance is attached to family rules, they are even more cohesive and authoritative than some systems of the country to a certain extent, in Mr. Lu Xun's ** we can often see the influence of patriarchal culture on feudal rule and people's thoughts; China is still a big agricultural country since ancient times, and the so-called economic foundation determines the superstructure, and the economic form dominated by agriculture will inevitably produce a cultural system that adapts to it.

The Confucian culture, represented by the Four Books and the Five Classics, has influenced people's thinking for thousands of years, so I think the most important feature of Chinese culture is Confucian culture: emphasizing the unity of heaven and man, self-cultivation and family governance to level the world, so that people's inner cultivation and external governance of the world can achieve a perfect unity. The essence of Confucian culture is to be peaceful, upright, and innocent!

Secondly, farming culture, family culture, and some regional cultures are interconnected and interpenetrated, and gradually form the rich and colorful connotation of our traditional Chinese culture in the long evolution of history.

Confucianism condensed the profound traditional characteristics of realism, and was influenced by Taoism, resulting in a sense of the heaviness of life and a romantic color that did not yield to reality. Mohist thought advocates that everyone should be equal, help each other, love each other, oppose war, and be meritocactive regardless of whether they are high or low.

First of all, ancient Chinese literature focuses on the rational spirit of reality, and its focus is on the earth rather than the kingdom of heaven. Secondly, the Taoist tradition of "literature carries the Tao" has the connotation of the concept of literary function with poetry as a means of education. The specific stage of development is that it was enlightened by Confucian poetry in the Spring and Autumn Period, and later clearly put forward by the ancient writers of the Tang and Song dynasties, which laid the basic spirit of ancient literature.

In the Song Dynasty, the theory of "literature carries the Tao" refers to the value of literature highlighting its social utilitarianism, and in modern times (Liang Qichao and others) emphasizes the influence of literature on social life, evaluates life through images, and gives full play to the influence and education function of literature. The idea of "literature carries the Tao" had a profound impact on ancient Chinese literature, making writers pay more attention to the interests of the country and the people, and literature began to become a vassal of politics, weakening its subjective consciousness and freedom of personality, and there were too many restrictive factors, resulting in the inability of literature to develop freely in this period.

Political characteristics,Chinese literature is concerned with the tradition of politics, and ancient literature pays special attention to the relationship between literature and the times, politics and religion, and emphasizes the perfect unity of politics and art.

Retrospective featuresIn the classical period, the author's birth, development, ideals and political encounters can be understood from the works of literati, so classical literature is a supplement to the background of the times.

.Geographical characteristics, classical literature is very regional.

The first characteristic is that there is a strong sense of inheritance.

For example, when we summarize the classic ancient poems of ancient literature, we will find that there are graceful schools and bold schools, and there are no other classifications, which is a great feature of inheritance.

The second characteristic is that it is relatively inclusive. For example, words are variants from ancient poems, and literati are highly receptive to this transformation.

1) a rational spirit that focuses on reality;

2) the edifying tradition of "literature carries the Tao";

3) Freehand technique and the beauty of neutralization.

1) Xia Dynasty: sacrifices, religions, myths and legends;

2) Shang Dynasty: Unification.

1. Etiquette and writing inventions;

3) Zhou Dynasty: feudal system, Warring States literature;

4) Qin Dynasty: Unification.

1. Political and literary development;

5) Han Dynasty: feudal system, literary integration;

6) Three Kingdoms: Literature flourished and poetry flourished;

7) Jin Dynasty: literary pluralism and poetry development;

8) Northern and Southern Dynasties: literary development and a large number of works;

9) Sui Dynasty: Literature flourished, Song poetry developed;

10) Tang Dynasty: Literature flourished, poetry flourished;

11) Song Dynasty: literary pluralism, Renaissance;

12) Yuan Dynasty: literary pluralism and the development of opera;

13) Ming Dynasty: Literary prosperity, Renaissance;

14) Qing Dynasty: Literary pluralism and development.

Poetry as the main form. Chinese literature began with poetry, and poetry has always occupied an important position in the literature of all dynasties. Tang and Song poems have become treasures of world literature with their exquisite artistic level.

Confucianism is the main ideological system. Chinese literature and Confucianism are inseparable, and morality, ethics and philosophy of life run through the literature of all dynasties.

Pay attention to the expression of social customs, human feelings and life. From the ancient "Zuo Chuan" and "Book of Songs" to the modern ** and prose, Chinese literature has endured the description of social customs, human feelings and various states of life.

Pay attention to the artistic conception and the meaning of the edge. Chinese literature pays attention to the conveyance of artistic conception and meaning, advocates the so-called "intention of the pen first", and pursues the expression of profound thoughts and feelings.

The art of rhetoric. The distinctive rhetorical art in Chinese literature, such as metaphor, personification, comparison, confrontation, etc., makes the article have a distinct artistic expression and allows readers to feel the beauty of literature.

In short, the literature of the Chinese dynasties contains a rich variety of literary types and forms, and each period has its own unique characteristics and cultural values.