What is the meaning of reinforcers in early childhood psychology books, ask for answers

Reinforcers can be positive and negative.

Positive reinforcers imply rewards and is intended to cause the desired behavior to appear, such as the emergence of a habit;

Positive reinforcers imply punishment and are intended to cause the target behavior to subside.

Reinforcement Motivation Theory Reinforcement motivation theory focuses on the reaction of behavioral outcomes to behavior. The so-called rein-forcing refers to the process of rewarding positive reinforcement after an individual has demonstrated appropriate or correct behavior, or punishing an inappropriate or wrong behavior, so that the behavior is affected. Reinforcement motivation theory is the study of how reinforcement can be used to motivate the desired behavior.

You have to consult a professional computer programmer to understand these questions, and we can't see them clearly.

You are in C language, and the default floating-point number in C language is a double type, not a float type. And the double type is double, and the float is single, which means that there is no problem with converting the float type to the double type, but converting the double type to the float type may cause the problem of loss of precision.

Your lines 13 and 19, sum and sum and the language are of type double by default, so the results of these two lines are also of type double, and the arrays b[5] and c[3] that store the results of these two operations are of type float. So there will be warnings.

We can't see it clearly.

Early childhood psychology is an important part of developmental psychology. Developmental psychology is a discipline that studies the characteristics and laws of psychological development in the life-span of an individual, from the beginning of the fertilized egg to birth, maturity and aging. Editor-in-Chief Lin Chongde:

Developmental Psychology, People's Education Press, 1995, p. 4. Infant psychology, early childhood psychology, youth psychology, geriatric psychology, etc., all belong to developmental psychology. Early childhood psychology is a discipline that studies the characteristics and laws of children's psychological development in early childhood (3 years old to years).

In order to enable readers to better understand the characteristics and laws of children's psychological development, the research subjects involved in this book are mainly children from 3 to the age of 3, supplemented by children of other ages.

Early childhood is a period of rapid individual growth and development, rapid development and change, and at the same time has the characteristics of strong plasticity, so it has attracted the attention of psychologists and education experts. Children's physiological functions continue to develop, height and weight have increased significantly, and the structure and function of the nervous system and cerebral cortex have also matured and improved, which provide a material basis for children's psychological development. Under the influence of environment and education, young children develop very rapidly in various activities led by play, and there is a qualitative leap compared with infancy.

The task of early childhood psychology can be expressed in a general way as "3 Ws", that is, what, to describe or reveal the common characteristics and patterns of children's psychological development. when, describing or revealing a timeline of changes in these common traits and patterns; Why, explain the process of children's psychological development, analyze the influencing factors of development, and reveal the essence, motivation and internal mechanism of development.

Developmental Psychology

This book can give you a foundation first, early childhood psychology is the beginning, but I personally think that you need to understand not only the psychology of young children, but also the impact of early childhood development on the future, so it is more helpful for you to understand the entire psychological development process.

The title of the earliest book on early childhood educational psychology published by Chen Heqin should be called, "Research on Child Psychology".