Thematic GIS classification, introduction of GIS software

I think LZ is suspected of being lazy, hehe.

The classification of thematic content must come according to the need, to the first floor is about the same, LZ can consult the relevant information, to see what other industries are involved in GIS, what fields, and what fields may be involved, what geographic information is concerned in this field, those can be displayed on the map, which is more reasonable to do, and can improve the efficiency of the industry. LZ involves a wide range of topics, and you have to consult countless materials by yourself, just a few people. Or something pasted somewhere, it's hard to help you fundamentally.

Refer to the national map classification standard!

Content from user: Fang Guotao.

Typical GIS software at home and abroad.

arcgis

The ArcGIS product line provides users with a scalable, comprehensive GIS platform. ArcObjects includes a wide range of programmable components, from fine-grained objects to coarse-grained objects such as map objects that interact with existing ArcMap documents, and these objects provide developers with comprehensive GIS functionality. Each ArcGIS product built with ArcObjects provides developers with a container for application development, including ArcGIS Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, and ArcGIS Server.

ArcGIS serves as a scalable platform that provides GIS functionality to individual users as well as groups of users, whether on the desktop, on the server, in the field, or over the web. ArcGIS 9 is a collection of software for building a complete GIS, which includes a set of frameworks for deploying GIS:

ArcGIS Desktop is a complete suite of professional GIS applications.

ArcGIS Engine is an embedded development component for custom developed GIS applications.

Server-side GIS ArcsDE?，arcims?and ArcGIS Server

Mobile GIS Arcpad?and ArcGIS Desktop and Engine for tablets

ArcGIS is implemented based on a common component library consisting of shared GIS components, known as ArcObjectsTM.

History: Over the course of nine months, from October 1981 to June 1982, Esri developed ARC Info, the world's first modern GIS software, the first commercialized GIS software.

In 1986, Esri's software was marked by the introduction of PC Arc Info, designed for PC-based GIS workstations. The use of mapgis tools covers all walks of life, including vector data processing tools, remote sensing data processing tools, etc

Geographic Information System (GIS) is software that can store, display, and analyze geographic data. It mainly includes data input and, data management, data operation, data display and output, etc. As an important tool, technology and discipline for acquiring, processing, managing, and analyzing geospatial data, it has received extensive attention and rapid development.

From the perspective of technology and application, GIS is a tool, method, and technology to solve space problems; From the perspective of disciplines, GIS is a discipline developed on the basis of geography, cartography, surveying and computer science, with an independent discipline system. Functionally, GIS has the functions of acquisition, storage, display, processing, analysis, output and application of spatial data. From the perspective of systematics, GIS has a certain structure and function, and is a complete system. In short, GIS is an information system based on a database management system (DBMS) to manage spatial objects, and the spatial analysis function with geographic data as the operating object is the fundamental difference between GIS and other information systems. GIS == Geographic Information SystemGIS == Geographic Information ScienceGIS == Geographic Information ServiceGIS == Geographic Information Software (Geospatial Software).

1.Categorized by content.

GIS can be divided into thematic geographic information systems (GIS) according to content.

Regional GIS and GIS tools III.

1) Thematic GIS: It is a GIS with a certain specialty, task or phenomenon as the main content, serving a specific special purpose, such as forest dynamic monitoring information system, crop yield estimation information system, soil erosion information system and land management information system.

2) Regional Geographic Information System: It mainly aims at regional comprehensive research and all-round early information services. Regions can be administrative regions, such as regional information systems at the national, provincial, municipal, and county levels; It can also be natural areas, such as the Loess Plateau, the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, and the Yellow River Basin.

and other regional information systems; It can also be an economic region, such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Tang District and the Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou District and other regional information systems.

3) GIS Tools: is a set of software packages that include the basic functions of GIS. Generally, it includes functions such as graphic image digitization, storage management, query and retrieval, analysis and operation, and a variety of outputs, and GIS tool software is suitable for the establishment of thematic or regional practical GIS support software, and can also be used as teaching software, such as Arc Info, MapGIS and CityStar.

2.Categorized by use.

GIS can be divided into a variety of geographic information systems according to different purposes, such as natural resource inquiry information system, planning and evaluation information system, and land management information and information system.

In addition to the above classifications, GIS can also be organized by system function, data structure.

User type, data capacity, and so on.

(1) GIS has a small footprint, small size, light weight, and all components are sealed without environmental interference.

2) The operating mechanism is oil-free, gas-free, and has a high degree of operational reliability.

GIS is transported in one piece, which is easy to install, short cycle and low installation cost; The maintenance workload is small and the time is short. The co-box GIS adopts three-phase mechanical linkage, and the mechanical failure rate is low.

4) Superior breaking performance - the circuit breaker adopts a self-energy arc extinguishing chamber (a hybrid structure of self-energy thermal expansion and auxiliary compressor device) based on the new arc extinguishing principle, which makes full use of the energy of the arc itself.

5) Low loss and low noise - the induced magnetic field on the GIS housing is small, so the eddy current loss is small, which reduces the loss of electrical energy. The use of the spring mechanism makes the operating noise very low.

Hongchen Answer] :(1) According to the structure of the body and sail system: desktop GIS, embedded GIS, and mobile GIS

2) According to the type of integration: project GIS, departmental GIS, enterprise GIS, and social GIS

3) Divide which Zen according to the application type: urban management GIS, resource and environmental management GIS, office and service GIS

The systematic review of GIS included the following three indicators:

1. Performance indicators of general systems: It mainly refers to GIS stability and mean time between failures; GIS online response time; processing speed and throughput; utilization rate of GIS; Operational flexibility, convenience and fault tolerance of the system; security and confidentiality; the accuracy of the processing data; scalability of the system; maintainability of the system, etc.

2. Professional performance indicators: mainly refer to three aspects: data inclusiveness, accuracy and regionality of spatial analysis, and visualization function and performance.

3. Economic benefit index: The economic benefit of GIS is composed of two parts: the first part is the cost, which refers to the expenses incurred in the development, operation and maintenance of the system; The second part is the system benefit, which refers to the direct economic benefits and indirect economic benefits generated after the system is put into operation.

In general, the spatial analysis of GIS can be divided into spatial analysis of thematic maps, network analysis, and DTM analysis.

1. The spatial analysis of thematic maps includes: overlay analysis, query analysis, and buffer analysis.

1.Overlay analysis mainly includes:

1) Visual information overlay: Visual information overlay is to superimpose the information content from different sides on the result picture or screen, so that the researcher can judge the spatial relationship between them and obtain richer spatial information.

2) Point-to-polygon overlay: The point and polygon superposition is actually to calculate the inclusion relationship between polygons and points.

3) Line and surface superposition: It is to compare the relationship between the coordinates on the line and the coordinates of the polygon to determine whether the line falls within the polygon.

4) Polygon and polygon overlay: Polygon overlay superimposes two or more polygon layers to produce a new polygon layer, and the result is that the original polygon feature is divided into new elements, and the new elements combine the attributes of the original two or more layers. The commonly used surface superposition mainly includes intersection, subtraction, discrimination, union and so on.

2.Include analysis query: include analysis to determine whether there is a direct connection between the elements, that is, whether there is a connection between vector points, lines, and surfaces in the spatial location, which is a common problem in geographic information analysis and processing, and is also the prerequisite and basic analysis method for realizing graphic-attribute alignment retrieval in geographic information system.

3.Buffer analysis: Buffer analysis is an information analysis method that automatically establishes buffer polygon entities within a certain width around them according to the points, lines, and polygons of the database, so as to realize the expansion of spatial data in the horizontal direction.

2. Network analysis: Network analysis is a basic model in the operations research model, and its fundamental purpose is to study and plan how to arrange a network project and make it run the best effect, such as the optimal allocation of certain resources, the lowest transportation cost from one place to another, etc. The basic idea is that human activities always tend to choose the spatial location to achieve the best effect according to a certain goal.

3. DTM analysis: DEM (digital elevation model) and DTM (digital terrain model) are mainly used to describe the undulating conditions of the ground, and can be used to extract various terrain parameters, such as slope, aspect, roughness, etc., and carry out application analysis such as visual analysis and watershed structure generation. As a result, DEMs are widely used in various fields.

DEM is the basic data for establishing DTM, and other terrain features can be directly or indirectly exported from DEM, called "derived data" such as slope and aspect.

Geographic Information System (GIS) is also known as "Geoscience Information System". It is a specific and very important spatial information system. It is a technical system that collects, stores, manages, calculates, analyzes, displays and describes the relevant geographical distribution data in the entire or part of the earth's surface (including the atmosphere) space with the support of computer hardware and software systems.

Location and geographic information are both the core and foundation of LBS.

GIS is classified by function -

Thematic GIS, Regional GIS, GIS tools

Categorized by content.

Urban Information System.

Natural Resources Inquiry Information System.

Planning and Assessment Information System.

land management information system, etc.

Technologies used in GIS.