Isaac Newton s main achievements, What are Isaac Newton s achievements?

<> Sir Isaac Newton (January 4, 1643 – March 31, 1727), President of the Royal Orange Society, a famous British physicist, an encyclopedic "all-rounder", author of "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" and "Optics".

In his 1687 book The Laws of Nature, he described gravitation and the three laws of motion. These descriptions laid the foundation for the scientific view of the physical world for the next three centuries and became the basis of modern engineering. By demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's laws of planetary motion and his theory of gravity, he showed that the motion of terrestrial objects and celestial bodies follows the same laws of nature; It provided strong theoretical support for the heliocentric theory and promoted the scientific revolution.

In mechanics, Newton clarified the principle of conservation of momentum and angular momentum and proposed Newton's laws of motion. Optically, he invented the reflecting telescope and developed a theory of color based on the observation that a prism diverges white light into the visible spectrum. He also systematically formulated the law of cooling and studied the speed of sound.

In mathematics, Newton shared the honor of developing calculus with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnie. He also proved the generalized binomial theorem, proposed the "Newtonian method" to approximate the zero point of a function, and contributed to the study of power series.

In economics, Newton proposed the gold standard.

In addition to the gravitational force and the chromatography of light, Newton's major contributions were:

1. Calculus: The creation of calculus is Newton's most outstanding mathematical achievement. In order to solve the problem of motion, Newton created this kind of mathematical theory that is directly related to physical concepts, which Newton called it"Flow counting"。

2. Binomial theorem: In the fifth year of 166, Newton, who was just twenty-two years old, discovered the binomial theorem, which was an indispensable step for the full development of calculus. The binomial theorem is widely used in combinatorial theory, open higher power, summation of higher order equal difference sequences, and difference method.

3. Cooling law: Newton determined the cooling law, that is, when there is a temperature difference between the surface of an object and the surrounding area, the heat lost per unit area per unit time is proportional to this temperature difference.

4. Reflecting telescope: Newton created the reflecting telescope in 1672. He used the gravitational force between the particles to prove that the external gravitational force of a sphere with a spherically symmetrical density can be replaced by a mass of the same mass in the center position.

5. The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy: Newton's most important work, published in 1687. The book summarizes many of the most important discoveries and research results of his life, including the laws of motion of objects mentioned above.

Newton's main achievement was (ab).

a.The Three Laws of Mechanics bThe Law of Gravitation cThe fluctuations of light say dThe law of conservation of energy.

What Newton invented.

Newtonian mechanics was established on the basis of Newton's three laws of motion.

Newtonian mechanics belongs to the category of classical mechanics, which takes the particle as the research object, focuses on the action relationship of force, and emphasizes the consideration of the force on each particle point when dealing with the problem of the particle system, and then deduces the motion state of the entire particle system. Newtonian mechanics holds that mass and energy exist independently and are conserved separately; It only applies to the inertial frame of reference of the object's motion; Newtonian mechanics mostly uses intuitive geometric methods, which is more convenient and simple than analytical mechanics when solving simple mechanical problems.

Discover the law of gravitation.

Any two particles are attracted to each other by a force in the direction of the concentric line. The magnitude of this gravitational force is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of their distance, independent of the chemical composition of the two objects and the type of medium in between.

Establish the foundation of the theory of the laws of the planets.

The development of space technology and the application of radar and laser ranging in planetary positioning have accumulated a large number of rich and accurate observation data for the study of planetary motion, and at the same time, it has also put forward higher requirements for theoretical work.

In particular, the introduction of a new system of astronomical constants and the redetermination of the planetary mass system have made it imperative to innovate the theory of planetary motion and planetary ephemeris. There have been many achievements in this area, including the text theory established by the orbital element perturbation method and the semi-analytical theory established by the coordinate perturbation method of Moosen.

He was committed to the research of Mitsubishi mirror dispersion and invented the reflective telescope.

This type of telescope usually uses a concave parabolic mirror to concentrate the light entering the lens and reflect it to a plane mirror located at the front end of the lens barrel, and then the plane mirror reflects the light into the eyepiece outside the lens barrel, so that we can observe the image of the starry sky.

Discovered the binomial theorem and calculus of mathematics.

The binomial theorem, also known as Newton's binomial theorem, was proposed by Isaac Newton in 1664 and 1665. The theorem gives an integer power of the sum of two numbers, such as an identity for the sum of similar terms. The binomial theorem can be generalized to the power of any real number, i.e., the generalized binomial theorem.

The origins of modern atomic theory.

Atomic theory is a scientific theory about the nature of matter in physics and chemistry. Contrary to the concept of the infinite divisibility of matter, according to the atomic theory, matter is made up of discrete unit atoms.

In his 1688 book, Principia Mathematica of Natural Philosophy, he described gravitation and the three laws of motion. These descriptions laid the foundation for the scientific view of the physical world for the next three centuries and became the basis of modern engineering. By demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's laws of planetary motion and his theory of gravity, he showed that the motion of terrestrial objects and celestial bodies follows the same laws of nature; Thus dispelling the last doubts about the heliocentric theory and giving impetus to the scientific revolution.

In mechanics, Newton elucidated the principle of conservation of angular momentum. Optically, he invented the reflecting telescope and developed a theory of color based on the observation that a prism diverges white light into the visible spectrum. He also systematically formulated the law of cooling and studied the speed of sound.

In mathematics, Newton shared with Gottfried Leibniz the credit for developing calculus. He also proved the generalized binomial theorem, proposed the "Newtonian method" to approximate the zero point of a function, and contributed to the study of power series.

In 1687, his magnum opus, The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, ushered in the era of great science. Newton was the most influential scientist and is known as the "father of physics", and he was the founder of Newton's laws of motion, which are the foundations of classical mechanics. His discovery of the three laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation laid the foundation for modern physics and mechanics, and his law of universal gravitation and Copernicus's heliocentric theory laid the theoretical foundation for modern astronomy.

To this day, the calculations for the launch and orbit of artificial earth satellites, rockets, and spacecraft are still based on this. In 2005, the Royal Society conducted a poll called "Who is the most influential person in the history of science", and Newton was considered more influential than Albert Einstein. A genetic analysis of Newton's hair suggests that Newton is a carrier of Asperger's syndrome and has the XQ28 gene, which adds to Newton's mystique, but does not affect his image as a giant.