The doctor recommended that friends with cancer try PD1, what is PD1?

PD1 is PD-1, the full name of programmed cell death protein 1, which is an important immunosuppression.

Molecule. It can be found in T cells.

Before binding to cancer cells, it binds to the egg white matter on the surface of T cells, so that the cancer cells are exposed to the T cells, and the cancer cells can be recognized by the T cells and destroyed by the T cells. At present, there are both imported and domestic PD-1 PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies that have been marketed in China, but only the joint venture PD-1 monoclonal antibody developed by Innovent Biologics, Tyvyt (also known as sintilimab), has been included in the medical insurance list.

Because of its special mechanism of action, PD-1 can be said to be a broad-spectrum anticancer drug, so it has also become the current cancer immunity**.

The leading popular drugs have a broad spectrum, relatively durable efficacy and are more durable than traditional chemotherapy.

Less poisonous *** and other advantages.

Nowadays, many pharmaceutical companies at home and abroad are conducting more application research on PD-1 drugs, and there are many approved indications.

PD-1 (programmed death receptor 1), also known as CD279 (cluster of differentiation 279), is an important immunosuppressive molecule. Regulates the immune system and promotes autotolerance by downwardly regulating the immune system's response to human cells, as well as by inhibiting T-cell inflammatory activity. This protects against autoimmune diseases, but it also prevents the immune system from killing cancer cells.

China's PD1 monoclonal antibody has made rapid progress, and this year's new medical insurance catalogue has been implemented, and 4 domestic PD1 monoclonal antibodies have been selected into the catalogue. The ** of these PD1 monoclonal antibodies has dropped very much, and the biggest drop is Hengrui's camrelizumab, which is now 2928 yuan, a decrease of 85%, plus the reimbursement of medical insurance, basically I can't spend much money.

To put it simply, PD-1 is an immunological drug, and at present, 6 PD-1 monoclonal antibodies have been approved for marketing in China, and last year, the PD-1 drug Tyvyt (sintilimab) developed by Innovent Biologics entered the medical insurance, and PD-1 finally bid farewell to the sky-high price and became an innovative anti-cancer drug that people can afford. Due to its special mechanism of action, PD-1 can be applied to a variety of cancers, and since its clinical application, it has prolonged the life of many cancer patients, and there are countless academic and clinical studies on it. So what exactly is PD-1?

To understand this question, we must first understand what is the mechanism of tumor immune escape. To put it simply, the human body is like a cellular society, and T cells are like the "police" in the human body, responsible for killing bad cells such as tumor cells. In order to prevent accidental injury to normal cells, there is a protein receptor PD-1 on the surface of immune T cells, and when it binds to the ligand PD-L1 on the surface of normal cells, it gives the T cells ("police") a "good guy card".

This mechanism has led smart cancer cells to think of a "self-help" method: the surface of cancer cells also produces PD-L1, which can be combined with the PD-1 of T cells, causing T cells to have the "illusion" that cancer cells are "harmless" and "self-help". This is the tumor immune escape mechanism just mentioned.

Based on this principle, scientists have invented PD-1 immunosuppressants, which will bind to proteins on the surface of T cells before T cells bind to cancer cells, so that T cells can normally recognize and destroy cancer cells, so as to achieve the best effect.

PD1 is a type of immune checkpoint inhibitor. By inhibiting immune checkpoints, the body's own immune system can find and attack cancer cells to achieve the goal of cancer.

Both PD-1 and PD-L1 are special substances secreted by cancer cells that inhibit the body's immune mechanism, and the so-called PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors are drugs that inhibit the secretion of this substance by cancer cells.

Cancer help, you can apply for free medication for PD1.

The landlord must adopt me! PD-1 is a molecule that prevents autoimmune cells from attacking cancer cells. The landlord may be asking what is the drug of PD-1, which is a drug that inhibits the PD-1 molecule, so as to achieve the purpose of **cancer.

PD-1 drugs are immunosuppressants, including PD-1 antibodies and PD-L1 antibodies, and are a new class of immunodeficiency drugs. The main mechanism of action is to block the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1, which aims to use the body's own immune system to fight cancer, and activate the ability of T cells to recognize cancer cells by blocking the PD-1 PD-L1 pathway, thereby killing cancer cells.

Cancer help, you can apply for free medication for PD1.

PD-1 (programmed celldeathprotein1) refers to programmed death receptor 1 and is an important immunosuppressive molecule.

PD-1 regulates the immune system by downwardly regulating the immune system's response to human cells, as well as by inhibiting T-cell inflammatory activity and promotes autotolerance. This can prevent autoimmune diseases, but it also prevents the immune system from killing cancer cells.

It was originally cloned from apoptotic mouse T-cell hybridomas. Immunomodulation targeting PD-1 is of great significance for anti-tumor, anti-infection, anti-autoimmune diseases and organ transplant survival. Its ligand PD-L1 can also be targeted, and the corresponding antibody can also play the same role.

PD-1 and PD-L1 bind to initiate programmed death of T cells, allowing tumor cells to obtain immune escape.

Hello, PD-1 antibody is not a home remedy for the so-called DU, but has been demonstrated by rigorous scientific clinical experiments.

DAO, on a variety of tumors.

It has a good effect of immune** formula. Although the PD-1 PD-L1 antibody is a broad-spectrum drug, it is only effective in a subset of patients with each type of cancer, such as lung cancer, and is only effective in about 30% of lung cancer patients. If the patient's tumor tissue is PD-L1 positive, the response rate is further increased to about 50%.

The effective rate for Hodgkin's lymphoma is close to 90%, the effective rate for melanoma is 40-50%, bladder cancer is 50%, and the effective rate for digestive tract tumors such as gastric cancer, esophageal cancer and liver cancer is also about 30%. In patients who are effective, anti-PD** can significantly improve survival time.

That's right, my relatives bought it in Hong Kong before, it's called Xinte Pharmaceutical, I hope it can help you.

If you are talking about PD1 immunosuppressants for **tumor, the effective rate of blind test is about 30%, and there are three main commonly recognized relevant detection methods, which have different recommendations according to your condition:

PD-L1 expression: Immunohistochemistry was done with pathological tissue sections to see the expression of PD-L1 in tumor tissues. The higher the expression of PD-L1, the higher the effective rate. PD-L1 expression is particularly useful in tumors such as lung adenocarcinoma and malignant melanoma.

MSI detection: take pathological tissue sections, or draw peripheral blood, and use genetic testing to detect MSI (microsatellite instability). The effective rate of MSI-H for gastrointestinal tumors can reach about 50%.

MSI testing is especially suitable for patients with gastrointestinal tumors and endometrial cancer.

Tumor Gene Mutation Burden (TMB) Detection: Take pathological tissue sections, or draw peripheral blood, and use genetic testing to measure TMB. It is generally believed that if the TMB is greater than 20 mutant MB, the TMB is high.

Patients with high TMB have a high response rate and long survival with PD-1 inhibitors**. TMB testing is indicated for the following tumor types: **basal cell carcinoma, **squamous cell carcinoma, **malignant melanoma, **Merkel cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma of unknown primary, malignant melanoma of head and neck, large cell carcinoma of the lung, squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung, sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung, adenocarcinoma of the stomach (intestinal type), endometrial cancer (endometrial type), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer, endometrial cancer, bladder cancer, urothelial carcinoma of unknown primary, soft tissue angiosarcoma, lung adenocarcinoma, lung adenosquamous cell carcinoma, **adnexal carcinoma, bladder transitional cell carcinoma, B-cell lymph node lymphoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, primary unknown tumor, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; Small cell lung cancer, nasopharyngeal and sinus cancer, ovarian endometrial carcinoma, primary unknown small cell carcinoma, oligodendroglioma, small bowel adenocarcinoma, soft tissue peripheral nerve sheath tumor, undifferentiated soft tissue sarcoma, uterine clear cell endometrial cancer, prostate undifferentiated carcinoma, salivary gland mucoepithelial carcinoma, primary unknown adenocarcinoma, ureterourothelial carcinoma, cervical squamous cell carcinoma, yin meridian squamous cell carcinoma, salivary gland carcinoma, renal urothelial carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumor of unknown primary, duodenal adenocarcinoma.

To sum up: if you test PD-L1 and MSI, it is recommended to test at the same time, as long as one of them is positive, it is recommended to use, if both are negative and you still want to use it, then test TMB.