In civil engineering, what are the main structural forms of multi storey buildings?

Common civil engineering multi-storey residential building structure forms:

a) Concrete hollow block structure.

Concrete hollow block structure has been widely used in the construction field of our country, and now it has a very high level of large-scale block production, and block production has even appeared in a state of oversupply. Of course, although the concrete hollow block structure has been widely used and recognized in multi-storey residential buildings, there are still certain problems.

2) Frame light plate structure.

The frame light plate structure mentioned here refers to the reinforced concrete frame light plate structure, whether it is an interior wall or an external wall, it is not a load-bearing wall that plays a key role. Normally, we use ceramsite hollow blocks, concrete blocks, and ceramsite lightweight panels for interior and exterior walls.

3) Shear wall structure.

The shear wall structure is mostly a reinforced concrete structure, and the interior and exterior walls are made of reinforced concrete. The stiffness of the side of the shear wall structure should not be too large, if in the construction process of multi-storey residential buildings, the full shear wall is adopted, and there is no infill wall made of stone, then the side stiffness in the first cycle is only seconds, if the lateral rigidity is too large, then the role of ** will be great, which is neither economical nor reasonable.

4) Frame-shear wall structure.

The frame-shear wall structure is an organic combination of the frame structure and the shear wall structure, and has the advantages of the frame structure and the shear wall structure, which not only ensures the quality of the construction project, but also provides a guarantee for the safety of people's lives. The overturning moment of the shear wall can not be less than half of fifty, otherwise it is not possible to achieve the effect of seismic resistance, according to the frame structure to view the grade, the maximum applicable height of this structure can only be increased than the frame structure. Frame-shear wall structure is best not to use short-limb shear wall and multi-layer masonry structure.

Definition of multi-storey building:

A multi-storey building refers to a building with a building height greater than 10 meters, less than 24 meters (10 meters "Multi-storey Building Height< 24 meters"), and the number of floors is greater than 3 floors and less than 7 floors (3 floors "Floors < 7 floors"). However, it is common to think of a building with more than two floors as a multi-storey building.

China's General Principles for the Design of Civil Buildings (GB 50352-2005) divides residential buildings into low-rise residential buildings according to the number of floors: low-rise residential buildings with 1st to 3rd floors, multi-storey residential buildings with 4th to 6th floors, medium and high-rise residential buildings with 7th to 9th floors, and high-rise residential buildings with 10th to 10th floors. Except for residential buildings, civil buildings with a height of no more than 24m are single-storey and multi-storey buildings, and those with a height of more than 24m are high-rise buildings (excluding single-storey public buildings with a building height of more than 24m); Civil buildings with a building height of more than 100m are super high-rise buildings.

Mainly brick-concrete frame structure.

If the shape of the building is more complex, it is also possible to use a frame-cut structure or a shear wall structure.

First of all, a multi-storey building refers to a building with a height of more than 10 meters, less than 24 meters (10 meters with a height of 24 meters), and a building with more than 3 floors and less than or equal to 7 floors (3 floors and 7 floors).

Secondly, the structural forms are:1Masonry structure 2

Concrete generally includes frame structure, frame-shear wall structure and bottom frame structure; 3.Steel structure: truss, tower, grid reticulated shell, row frame, membrane structure and steel frame; 4.

There are also wood structures, plastic structures, film inflatable structures, and so on.

Classification method. 1.Classification by material (concrete structure, masonry structure, steel structure, timber structure) 2Classification by type of load-bearing structure (brick-concrete structure, frame structure, shear wall structure, frame-shear wall structure, cylinder structure, rack structure).

3.Structural use functions (buildings and structures).

4.Shape characteristics (single-storey, multi-storey, high-rise, high-rise, large-span) 5Construction method (cast-in-place monolithic, prefabricated assembly, prefabricated monolithic).

Didn't your teachers say that? According to the structural form, it can be divided into strip foundation, independent foundation, full foundation and pile foundation back foundation. A1

Full foundation: (including valve-shaped foundation and box foundation), the lower part of the building is made into a single reinforced concrete foundation. The main foundation form of modern architecture, mainly suitable for small high-rise and high-rise buildings with low foundation bearing capacity, features:

It is high cost, large stress area, uniform force, suitable for building basements. 2.Separate Column Foundation:

This is still widely used foundation, suitable for multi-storey buildings, the bearing capacity is not better than the full foundation, but the cost is 3Strip foundation: When the building adopts brick wall load-bearing, the foundation under the wall is often continuously set to form a long strip foundation.

It's not used anymore, except for the fence, hehe. 4.Reinforced concrete precast (cast) piles:

This type of pile is prefabricated at the construction site or component yard, driven into the soil with a pile driver, and then the reinforced concrete cap is poured on top of the pile. It has a large bearing capacity, is not affected by changes in the groundwater level, and has good durability. However, due to its weight, transportation and hoisting are more difficult.

The vibration is large when the pile is driven, which has a certain impact on the surrounding houses. It seems like that's all there is to it, and I can't think of any more. In addition:

According to the materials used, it is divided into: ash foundation, brick foundation, rubble foundation, concrete foundation, and reinforced concrete foundation.

According to the depth of embedding, it can be divided into: shallow foundation and deep foundation. Those with an embedding depth of no more than 5m are called shallow foundations, and those with a depth of more than 5m are called deep foundations.

According to the force performance, it can be divided into: rigid foundation and flexible foundation.

1.Strip copy foundation: mostly used for single-layer or multi-storey masonry structures;

2.Independent foundation: mostly used in the case of frame structures or individual columns;

3.Well form foundation: the foundation conditions are poor, in order to improve the integrity of the building and prevent uneven settlement between the columns, the foundation under the column is often expanded and connected along the vertical and horizontal directions to make a cross well lattice foundation;

4.Pile foundation: when the shallow buried foundation can not meet the requirements of foundation strength and deformation;

5.Raft foundation: It is often used in the construction of multi-storey masonry structure, frame structure and shear wall structure with weak foundation, as well as the situation that the load of the superstructure is large and uneven or the bearing capacity of the foundation is low;

6.Box foundation: used for high-rise buildings, heavy buildings and multi-storey buildings on weak soil foundations with strict requirements for uneven settlement of foundations; The load of the building is large.

There are many types of pile foundations: concrete cast-in-place piles, concrete blasting and expanding piles, bored piles, sand piles, prefabricated concrete square piles, ash compacted piles, sand and gravel piles, powder spraying piles, vibro gravel piles, etc.

Nowadays, buildings are generally made of pile foundations, strip foundations, and natural foundations.

1. Brick and wood structure.

Brick and wood structure, a kind of building structure, refers to the vertical load-bearing structure of the building, the walls and columns are made of bricks or blocks, and the floor slabs, roof trusses and other wooden structures are used. Due to the limitation of mechanical engineering and engineering strength, the general brick and wood structure is a flat layer (1-3 layers).

2. Brick-concrete structure.

Brick-concrete structure refers to the use of brick or block masonry for the walls of the vertical load-bearing structure in the building, and the reinforced concrete structure for the structural columns and transverse load-bearing beams, floor slabs, and roof panels.

In other words, the brick-concrete structure is a load-bearing structure with a small part of reinforced concrete and a large part of the brick wall. Brick-concrete structure is a kind of mixed structure, which is a mixed structural system composed of brick walls to bear loads, reinforced concrete beams, columns, slabs and other components. It is suitable for buildings with small studio depth, small room area, multi-storey or low-rise buildings, and the load-bearing wall can not be changed, while the frame structure can be changed for most of the wall.

3. Reinforced concrete structure.

Reinforced concrete structures refer to structures made of concrete reinforced with steel bars. The main load-bearing elements are built with reinforced concrete. It includes thin shell structures, cast-in-situ structures of large formwork, and reinforced concrete structures constructed using sliding formwork, rising plates, etc.

A structure made of steel and concrete. The steel bar is subjected to tensile force, and the concrete is subjected to pressure. It has the advantages of being strong, durable, good fire performance, saving steel and low cost than steel structure.

4. Steel structure.

Steel structure is a structure composed of steel materials and is one of the main types of building structures. The structure is mainly composed of beam steel, steel columns, steel trusses and other components made of section steel and steel plates, and adopts silanization, pure manganese phosphating, washing and drying, galvanizing and other rust removal and rust prevention processes.

Welds, bolts or rivets are usually used to connect the individual components or components. Because of its light weight and simple construction, it is widely used in large-scale factories, venues, super high-rise buildings and other fields.

5. Prestressed structure.

It refers to the steel structure that is prestressed by a specific method before the load is applied to the structure, so that the internal stress state that is favorable to the external load of the structure is generated. Pre-response structures can be used for long-span building structures, crane girders, bridge span structures, large-diameter liquid storage depots, pressure pipelines and pressure vessels.

1. Mixed structural system.

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The mixed structural system generally refers to the houses with reinforced concrete or steel-timber structures for floors and roofs, and masonry structures for walls and columns, which are mostly used in residential, office and teaching buildings, generally below 6 floors. The hybrid structure is not easy to build a house with a large space, and the advantage is that the lateral stiffness of the house is large and the integrity is good, but the plane usability is poor.

Second, the framework structure system.

The frame structure is a structural system formed by using the longitudinal and horizontal frames composed of beams and columns. The advantage is that the building layout is flexible, which can form a large building space, and the building façade is convenient to handle; The disadvantage is that the lateral stiffness is small, and when the number of layers is large, excessive lateral movement will occur, which is easy to cause the failure of non-structural components (such as partition walls and decorations) and affect the use. In non-seismic areas, there are generally no more than 15 houses.

3. Shear wall system.

The shear wall system uses the walls of the building to make a shear wall to resist horizontal water. The advantages are that the lateral stiffness is large, and the lateral displacement is small under the action of horizontal load; The disadvantage is that the shear wall spacing is small, the structural plane layout is not flexible, it is not suitable for large space public buildings, the structure has a large self-weight, and the general building height is within 180 meters.

Fourth, the frame-shear wall system.

A structure in which appropriate shear walls are set in the frame structure. The advantages are that the structural layout is flexible, the space is larger, and the lateral stiffness is larger. Generally, the building height is less than 170 meters.

Fifth, the cylinder structure.

The horizontal load in super high-rise buildings is getting larger and larger, and this structure is the most effective system to resist horizontal loads, which is generally composed of an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, and the inner cylinder is composed of an elevator hall and a stairwell, which are connected into a whole by the floor. The height of the building is around 300 meters.

6. Truss structure system.

A truss is a structural system consisting of members. Joints are generally assumed to be hinged joints, and the members have only axial forces when the load is applied to the joints. It is generally used for roof trusses with large spans.

emmm……It is a masonry structure made of phantom to structure, reinforced structure and stress structure.

What are the building structures? Building structure.

Structure type: brick-concrete structure, reinforced concrete structure, steel structure, of which reinforced concrete structure includes frame structure, frame shear structure (core tube).

Building classification: the number of floors is divided, low-rise, multi-storey, medium and high-rise, high-rise; The use is divided into civil, residential, and public.