Mencius interrogative sentence classification, Mencius quotation classification high score

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Modern Chinese interrogative pronouns:

Who, why, what, where, **, when, how, how much, how, how, how, how, how.

Ancient Chinese interrogative words include interrogative pronouns and interrogative modal words:

1. Interrogative pronouns:

Who, like modern Chinese, refers to the interrogative pronoun of a person.

孰, often indicates that the choice can refer to people or things.

He, which is equivalent to something in modern Chinese, can also occasionally mean to choose An, which is equivalent to ** in modern Chinese, and is often used in object prepositions.

Evil is equivalent to how, how.

焉, equivalent to how.

Hu, equivalent to why.

Xi, equivalent to how.

What is the equivalent of Ho.

2. Interrogative modal words:

1) Huh, Zhu.

Meng Weijun asked: "Is Feng Gong close?" (Warring States Policy, Qi Ce) Zilu asked: "The son sees the master?" (Analects: Microns).

King Wen's confinement, seventy miles away, are there all? (Mencius, King Liang Hui) don't know what? (Mencius, King Hui of Liang).

2) With (欤), evil (yes).

What is the case with the non-benevolent? (Analects of the Constitution).

Is Rukunchu with? (Analects: Microns).

The firmament of the sky, its good and evil? Far away and unreachable? Empress Wei asked the envoy: "Are you okay with the age?" Are the people unharmed? Is the king unharmed? (Warring States Policy, Qi Ce).

3) Yay. The big car has no car, the small car has no car, how can it work? What is there to me? (Analects).

If there is no one, can you protect the people? (Mencius, King Hui of Liang).

Modern Chinese: Where, what, how, ......(= = Forgive us for not thinking of anything else).

Ancient Chinese: Interrogative sentences are usually divided into four types: yes or wrong interrogative sentences, special interrogative sentences, optional interrogative sentences, and positive and negative interrogative sentences.

In interrogative sentences, such as interrogative pronouns (he, xi, etc.) as objects, before the verb (or preposition).

Interrogative pronouns: According to the object of inquiry referred to by interrogative pronouns, interrogative pronouns in ancient Chinese can be divided into three categories.

1) Refers to people. There is "who, who".

a "Who" is used in general questions and can be used as a subject, object, definite, predicate and predicate of sentences. b "孰" is used to select a question, usually with a precedent.

For example: "Who is the beauty of me and Xu Gong?" Translated as "which", it is generally only used as the subject.

It can also refer to things, places. Comparison of "Who and Intermediary" tables: such as "Who is Wu and Xu Gongmei?"

Used in rhetorical questions, the expression affirms: "Only sit and wait for death, which is the same." There is the meaning of "** comparable".

2) Refers to things. There are "He, Hu, Xi, Hao" and so on. "Ho":

Subject, object, determination, judgment, a is often used to ask for reasons or methods, such as: "Why not Xu Zi for edification?" Translated as "what" and "why"; b Inquire about the premises, e.g. "What does the son want?"

Translated as "**".

Hu, Xi, and 曷" are often used as adverbials to ask the reason, which is equivalent to "why" or "how", such as "Zi Xi is a car?" ”；

b They are also often preceded by the object of a preposition, such as "Hu Wei" and "Hu Wei", asking why. c "Xi Yi" method of inquiry.

3) Refers to the premises. There is "peace, evil, and evil". a They are mainly pleadings and inquire about premises.

Equivalent to the modern "in**". For example, "Soil and rock? ”；b It can also be used as a precedent to inquire about the premises.

Such as "Pei Gong'an is in?" c It can also be used as a rhetorical question, as an adverbial, to enhance the tone of the rhetorical question. Something like "**".

d "焉" is used in rhetorical questions and is blurred and no longer refers to the premises. For example, "Now Fu loves his son, can An can love Jun?" ”

Interrogative Modal Words:

Modal words in ancient Chinese are divided into sentence opening modal words, sentence in-sentence modal words, and sentence ending modal words.

Sentence opening modal words - husband, cover, dimension.

Particle words in the sentence - also, and (欤).

Sentence end modal words - also, 矣, hu, zai; Already, ear, Yan, and, evil, husband, Xi. also, " Hu, and, and evil are questioning tones; Ah, husband, and Xi are exclamations.

Focus on mastering the usage of "also", "hu", "has", "ear", "yan", "zai", etc.

China Mengzi.

Mencius 100 sentences.

Literary Masterpieces Collection] Mencius Mencius, Quotations, Medium

1. Liang Hui Wang.

Second, His Majesty Liang Hui.

Third, Gongsun Choushang.

Gongsun ugly. Virtuous people can be worshipped, but not called-

When you accept it, you accept it, and when you resign, you say it.

There is no official and no responsibility, and there is more than enough to advance and retreat.

A gentleman does not thrift his relatives in the world.

Monopoly phenomenon in officialdom and shopping malls.

1. Good sex.

2. Education. 3. Self-cultivation.

4. Righteousness and faithfulness.

Fifth, the royal road, benevolent government.

6. Gentlemen and villains.

7. Rich and poor.

8. Life and Death and Destiny.

Tan. He did not run away when he was able to leave, but chose to sacrifice his life, ready to use his blood to wake up the sleeping people. It's really done "I recommend Xuanyuan with my blood"!

Some people say that he is ignorant, but in fact, Tan Sitong's death has a long-lasting and far-reaching impact on future generations, and it is definitely as he himself said, he died a well-deserved death! This is also the righteousness, not the righteousness of ordinary people, and it is more worthy of people's respect and admiration!

Wen Tianxiang sang in "Song of Righteousness": "When the poor season is seen, one by one." In Qi Tai Shi Jian, in Jin Dong Fox Pen.

In Qin Zhang Liangshi, in the Han Su Wu Festival. For General Yan's head, for Ji's blood. For Zhang Suiyang's teeth, for Yan Changshan's tongue.

Or for the Liaodong hat, clear the ice and snow. Or for the teacher's table, the ghosts and gods weep strongly. Or to cross the river, generously swallow the hu.

Or for the fight of the thief, the reverse vertical head is broken. It is majestic and majestic. "It's really heartbreaking, it's a sigh!

Qu Yuan, watching the great rivers and mountains of Chu being swallowed up little by little, watching that group of traitorous villains flattering the king of Chu for their own glory, and ignoring the country. What's the point? He was unwilling to go along with the flow, and finally resolutely threw himself into the Miluo River in despair.

I understand Qu Yuan at this time, he left this world he had loved with infinite attachment to the Chu State and infinite love for the people of the Chu State. He knew that it was better to die a vigorous death than to live on his knees! Yes, Qu Yuan's body has passed with the gushing river, but his heroic righteousness will always inspire generations of Chinese.

Strong! Admire! Admire! Admire!

1.In the interrogative sentence, the interrogative pronoun is the object, and the object is preceded.

In this type of sentence, the object of the preposition is also preposed. Such as "Pei Gong'an is in?"

The key to this type of sentence is the interrogative pronoun of the object (such as: who, he, xi, hu, evil, an, yan, etc.). It is worth noting that the object of the preposition "to" is more active, even if it is not an interrogative pronoun, it can be preposed.

For example: "The rest is to remember it, and those who observe the wind of people will be satisfied." (Liu Zongyuan's "Snake Catcher Says") in which the "is" is a general pronoun, but it is also preposed.

In Mr. Wang Li's book "Ancient Chinese", it is proposed that in order to emphasize the object, the object should be used after the object in advance, and the word "is", "real" or "zhi" should be used to refer to the word "is". For example: "Ghosts and gods are not real relatives, but virtue is dependent."

2.In a negative sentence, the pronoun is the object, and the object is preposed.

There are two points to pay attention to in this kind of sentence, one is a negative sentence (there must be negative words such as "no", "not", "no", "no", "mo" and so on in general sentences); The second is the pronoun as the object. For example: "When people are not allowed."

Chen Shou's "Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Biography of Zhuge Liang") The normal word order should be "The people of the time are not allowed." ”

3.Use "of" or "is" to put the object before the verb to emphasize the object. As a sign of object preposition, there is no real meaning.

Be. format. Such as:

Profit-seeking", "obedience" and so on.

4.When the word of direction and time is used as an object, it is sometimes preposed.

For example: "Han Sheng sits southward." (Historical Records Xiang Yu Benji) means "Han Sheng sits facing south." ”

Commonly used prepositions in object prepositions:

1.Use the preposition "for":

Tao Yuanming's "Words for Returning": "What do you want? ”

Mencius": "Xu Zixi is not self-weaving? ”

2.Use the preposition "and":

Fan Zhongyan's "The Story of Yueyang Tower": "Weisi people, who am I with?" ”

3.Use the preposition "from":

Wei Jikang of the Three Kingdoms "Breaking Friendship with Shan Juyuan": "However, after this meaning, I am not familiar with the step, how can I get it?" ”

Jin Wang Ruoxu's "Analects and Confusion IV": "I don't know why I understand reason and understand the chaos through the ages, how can I get it?"

4.With the preposition "since":

The text clearly states that "the Chen family": "I don't know where the surname is, but I don't know the narrative." ”

Qing Yao Heng's "Notes on Hanxiu Thatched Cottage" Volume 3: "Fat and thin are good at both moments, and thinness is a divine reason, which is absolutely like Boheng's husband." Although he is a close relative, he asks his descendants, but he doesn't know what to do. ”

5.With the preposition "toward":

Historical Records: Xiang Yu Benji": "King Xiang stayed with Pei Gong and drank ...... on the same dayPei Gong sits in the north, and Zhang Liang waits in the west. ”

The main types of object prepositions:

1. In the interrogative sentence, the interrogative pronoun is used as the object, and the object is preposed.

For example: Pei Gong'an is here? ("Historical Records Xiang Yuben Answer") Translation: Pei Gong is in**?

2. In the negative sentence of the literary language, the pronoun is the object, and the object is preposed.

For example: the time is not a good thing. (Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms Zhuge Liang Biography") Translation: People at that time did not admit this matter.

3. Use "zhi" to put the object before the verb to highlight the object.

For example: I don't know how to read a sentence, and I don't understand it. (Han Yu's "Shi Said") Translation: I don't know how to break sentences, I don't understand difficult problems.

Fourth, use "is" to put the object before the verb to highlight the object.

For example: only brother and sister-in-law are dependent. (Sacrifice Twelve Lang Wen" Han Yu) Translation: I can only rely on my brother and sister-in-law.

Fifth, when the word of direction and time is used as an object, it is sometimes preposed.

For example, Han Sheng sits in a south-facing direction. ("Historical Records of Xiang Yuben").

Translation: Han Sheng sits facing south.

1. In a negative sentence.

Pronoun object. There are two conditions for the preposition of this kind of object: first, the object must be a pronoun; The second is that it must be a negative sentence, which is represented by negative words such as "no", "not", "no", "mo", etc. In this case, the pronoun object is to be placed in.

Before the verb and after the negation. For example:

Shuo Rat": "Three-year-old Guan Ru, don't I care." "Mo I am willing to care" should be understood as "Mo is willing to care for me".

Don't be confident "Zou Ji satirizes the king of Qi.

Warring States Policy. However, if you are not a king, you will not be there.

The widow is also to the country, Mencius

2. Interrogative sentences.

The object of the middle pronoun is preposed.

In classical Chinese, the interrogative pronouns "who", "he", "xi", "an", etc., are often placed in front of the verb when they are used as objects.

For example: "Hongmen Banquet": "Liang asked: 'Where is the king coming?' "He Cao" should be understood as "Cao He".

Who am I with Xu Gongmei? "Zou Ji satirizes the King of Qi" Warring States Policy

What if you laugh at 50 steps and 100 steps?

The widow is also to the country, Mencius

3. Prepositional object in advance:

In modern Chinese, a preposition is followed by an object, which is formed.

A prepositional structure, which is used to modify a verb.

Predicate. In classical Chinese, the object of a preposition is often placed before a preposition, forming an inverted phenomenon.

For example: "The Story of Yueyang Tower": "Speculation! Who is the Weisi people? "Whoever returns" should be understood as "with whom to return".

Once the hills. Bang, Chang'anjun.

Why entrust yourself to Zhao?

Touching the dragon said that the Empress Dowager Zhao "Warring States Policy

What is the difference between the form (situation) of the non-doer and the incapable?

The Affair of Qi Huan and Jin Wen" Mencius

4. Special structure: with"of"、"Be. "Advance the object.

Different religions in previous lives, what is the ancient law? (Imitate which one of the ancients).

What is Song's crime? (What is the sin of the Song Kingdom?) )

But the command is to listen. idioms).

Profit is the only thing. idioms).

But the horse is the first to look ahead.

Feng Wanzhen" is only a brother and sister-in-law.

Sacrifice to the Twelve Lang Wen".

Han Yu 5, ordinary object preposition.

In general. In the preposition of the object, everyone should pay attention to the sense of language.

Mencius was known for his "eloquence", mainly because of his ability to use a variety of argumentative methods flexibly.

Its argumentation methods mainly include the method of direct speech, the method of grafting, the method of design, the method of metaphor, the method of adaptation, and the method of using the code.

In summary, it can be divided into the following three aspects:

1. Analogical arguments. Such as "fifty steps to laugh and a hundred steps".

Second, the method of comparison.

3. Comparative argumentation.