The relationship between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu was divided into those stages

At the end of the Qin Dynasty and the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu leader Maodun unified the north and south of the desert, thus starting a protracted war between the Xiongnu and the Han Dynasty.

The competition between the Han and Hungarian dynasties on the Han Sea in the desert lasted for more than three centuries, which had a far-reaching impact on the society of the Han Dynasty and the Han Dynasty, and also played an important role in the change of social mentality.

From the beginning of the Han Dynasty, after the Pingcheng War, the atmosphere of fear of the Huns was generally permeated among the government and the opposition, and it spread"Under the peaceful city, he is also sincere and bitter, and he can't eat and cross for seven days"This melodic and sentimental ballad was expressed by Huo Quai, who began to fight against the Xiongnu on a large scale during the period of Emperor Wu"The Huns were wiped out, and there was no home"the courage to fight a decisive battle; From the middle and late Western Han Dynasty"There is no dog barking police in the third world, and Li Shu is dead", full of praise for the peaceful coexistence of the Han and Hungarian nations, to the time of the two Han Dynasty when the war was rekindled, Dou Xian defeated the Northern Xiongnu, Ban Gu carved stone inscriptions in Yanran Mountain,"One time and a long time, temporary and forever", confidently announcing the end of the Han-Hungarian War.

It fundamentally destroyed the military strength of the Xiongnu, ensured the lasting peace of the Han Empire, accelerated the integration of ethnic groups, promoted friendly relations between the two (later harmony), and determined the subordinate status of the Xiongnu;

It cost a lot of money to the Han Empire, which led to a serious social crisis (there were millions of displaced people by the time of Emperor Wu), accelerated the decline of the Han Empire (there were financial problems), and both Han and Hungary had a large number of personnel**, which increased the burden on the people; led to the decline of the Xiongnu.

In the history of more than 5,000 years in our country, the Xiongnu can be said to be famous, in the process of its transformation from weak to strong, prosperous to declining, it has always accompanied the development of Chinese civilization, and the dynasties of the Central Plains love and kill each other.

1. Origin

In the 3rd century BC, the Xiongnu were just a nomadic people. The origin of the Xiongnu is still controversial today, and the "Historical Records" believes that the Xiongnu originated in the Central Plains. In the 16th century B.C., after the fall of the Xia Dynasty, a descendant of Xia Hou Lukui fled to the north, and gradually became powerful after integrating the Yueshi, Loulan and other tribes in the process of moving west.

The Classic of Mountains and Seas: The Great Wilderness of the North records that "the dog Rong and the Xia people are of the same clan, both from the Yellow Emperor. This is the same as stated in the Chronicles. The Xiongnu were not composed of a single ethnic group, and because of the integration of multiple tribes in the development and growth, some people collectively referred to all the foreign ethnic groups in the north as the Xiongnu in the history books.

Second, the Huns went to ** in the end?

By the time of the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu had reached their heyday, and in order to obtain more resources, the Xiongnu began large-scale conquests, among which the rich Central Plains was the preferred target. In the early days of the Han Dynasty, the national strength of the Han Dynasty was not strong, but the Xiongnu repeatedly violated the border, and they couldn't fight if they wanted to, so they had to take the road of harmony. In the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the national strength of the Han Dynasty reached its peak, a generation of famous generals Wei Qing and Huo Qubing were born, and the Han Dynasty army swept the Xiongnu.

Since then, the Xiongnu have gradually dimmed in history. But the Xiongnu were not destroyed, but divided into three parts, one part remained in the Xiongnu homeland, because the entire tribe was abolished by the Han Dynasty, the strength was not as good as before, in order to survive, had to join Xianbei as a whole.

There was also a part of the Han Dynasty that went south and surrendered to the Han Dynasty and became vassals of the Han Dynasty, that is, the Southern Xiongnu. The other part began a long journey westward. The part of the Xiongnu who joined Xianbei married with Xianbei and jointly established the Huxia Kingdom, which was later destroyed by Tuyuhun of the subject state of the Northern Wei Dynasty (Tuoba Xianbei), and its Xingye people were scattered in the Central Plains.

The Southern Xiongnu, who surrendered to the Han Dynasty, were destroyed by Cao Cao at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the Southern Xiongnu were incorporated into the Wei State, and later gradually merged with the Han people in the Central Plains.

Compared with the above two groups of Xiongnu, the westward migration of the Xiongnu was much more difficult, starting from the Mongolian plateau, passing through Xinjiang, passing through the vast steppes of South Russia, and finally arriving in the Danube region of Eastern Europe. The westward migration distance reached more than 10,000 kilometers, and the time span was about 300 years. In the process of westward migration, some Huns remained on the way, some stayed in Xinjiang, some settled in the Volga generation, and some settled in Eastern Europe near Hungary, and for a long time, they merged with the locals.

Originally a stilted nomadic people on the Mongolian Plateau, they were expelled from the Hetao area by Meng Tian at the end of the Qin Dynasty, and were attacked by Huo Quzhi and Wei Zifu's younger brother in the Han Dynasty, and finally began to appear in Europe.

Originated from the Hu people, it is also a very ancient ethnic group, which has existed since the Shang and Zhou dynasties, and its combat effectiveness is very strong.

The Xiongnu originated in Mongolia north of the Yellow River Valley, and at that time the Xiongnu were called Rongdi, a nomadic people.