Who invented alchemy What was invented by ancient alchemists

The ancients in China recognized and invented gunpowder when they were alchemy. In order to seek immortality, ancient Chinese alchemists refined the elixir of the hungry clan and used fire to refine the elixir, which contributed to the invention of gunpowder.

Gunpowder is one of the four great inventions of ancient China.

First, with a history of more than 1,000 years, gunpowder is a substance that can burn rapidly and regularly under the action of appropriate external energy, and at the same time generate a large amount of high-temperature gas. In the military, it is mainly used as the propellant of guns and shells, the propellant of rockets and other driving devices, and is an important part of ammunition. Initially, gunpowder was mainly used in medicine, as can be seen from the word "medicine" in its name, and later it was transmitted to Europe before it was used in the military.

Ge Hong of the Jin Dynasty in Xuntong's "Hug Puzi".

In the middle load, alchemy roughly includes: calcining, refining, moxibustion, melting, pumping, flying, and excellent. According to research, these are the most basic chemical methods:

Long-term high-temperature heating, heating of dry substances, partial baking, melting, distillation, sublimation, heating to denature substances. Plus sulfur and saltpeter, which are often used in alchemy.

carbon, so in the alchemy process often ** and fires. After accumulating experience, the alchemists discovered that sulfur, nitrate, and carbon could form an extremely flammable medicine, which was the prototype of gunpowder.

1. Ancient Chinese alchemists discovered gunpowder in the process of alchemy. The great physician Sun Simiao lived in the Sui and early Tang dynasties, and was originally from Jing Zhaohua. He was well-versed in the history of hundreds of schools of science, proficient in Taoist scriptures and Buddhist scriptures, summarized the clinical theories before the Tang Dynasty, collected prescriptions, acupuncture and other contents, and compiled books such as "Qianjin Yao Fang" and "Qianjin Yifang", which made great contributions to medicine and was respected by later generations"The King of Medicine"。

2. He is not only a great pharmacist, but also a famous alchemist, self-proclaimed"Sun Zhenren"。On the basis of summarizing the experience of previous alchemists, he collected the formulas of the slag rocks in the Heluo area and the Guanzhong area, and finally proposed a more effective formula such as the sulfur fire method.

3. Alchemy is a general term for refining outer and inner pills. Wai Dan Shu originated from Huang Lao Dao, which is to smelt minerals in the Dan furnace to make "Xian Dan" jujube collapse, and then the human body is intended to be used as a furnace to practice the essence of Qi and God, which is called Nei Danshu. Wai Dan refers to the Taoist smelting of pills through various secret methods, which are used to eat, or directly consume certain sesame herbs, in order to ignite their own yin and turn them into yang energy.

Chen Shidao's note: "Taoism takes the cooking of gold and stone as the outer Dan, the dragon and the tiger are fetal, and the old and the new are the inner Dan."

Alchemy in China originated in the 3rd century BC.

Wei Boyang of the Eastern Han Dynasty wrote "Zhou Yi Shen Tong Qi" is the earliest existing alchemy theory work in the world, and it is mentioned in the book that the alchemists at that time had 600 articles of the "Fire Record" rolling school, which shows that the fire alchemy at that time had accumulated a lot of experience. The Jin Dynasty alchemist Ge Hong's "Hug Puzi" has made a detailed record and summary of alchemy since the Han and Jin dynasties. But the real alchemy originated in the Qin Shi Huang Calendar.

Throughout his life, Qin Shi Huang had crazy fantasies about immortal magic. It is recorded in the "Historical Records" that when Qin Shi Huang was in his 20s, he became obsessed with elixirs and "real human arts". In order to achieve the purpose of cultivating immortals, under the instigation of alchemy alchemist Lu Sheng and others, Qin Shi Huang even moved the palace into the Xianyang underground palace, staying in it without leaving home, while reviewing the chapters, while "leading" the immortals, and not allowing outsiders to disturb.

Such records can be found in several places in the "Chronicles of the Great Rotten". At least, Qin Shi Huang was alchemy before he "pitted Confucianism". And the rivers, lakes and seas where he used mercury as his mausoleum and underground palace probably implied that he was convinced until his death that Dansha mercury had magical power to help him continue to rule this "eternal" country after his death.

Reduction and oxidation reactions.

Due to the pharmacological effect and physicochemical properties of dansha, ancient alchemists used it as the main material for alchemy. Its shape is round and flowing, easy to volatilize, the ancients felt very magical, and then choose other gold and stone drugs to liquid mercury (mercury), according to a certain formula mixed with each other for smelting, and repeatedly carry out the experiment of reduction and oxidation reaction, in order to refine the "Nine Turns to the Dan" or "Nine to the Golden Pill".

Alchemy is a method used by the ancients to refine elixir in pursuit of "longevity". Dan refers to Dansha or mercury sulfide, which is an inorganic compound of sulfur and mercury (mercury), because it is red, Tao Hongjing is called "Dansha is cinnabar." ”