Ask for basic information about some Western philosophers, and some other famous people

Plato and Socrates.

The exponents of Western philosophy are:

1.Telos.

Thales, an ancient Greek thinker, scientist and philosopher, was born in Miletus, Ionia, founded the earliest philosophical school in ancient Greece and was the founder of the earliest philosophical school in Greece, the Miletus School (also known as the Ionian School).

One of the Seven Sages of Ancient Greece, the first thinker to be named in the history of Western thought, known as the "Father of Science and Philosophy". Thales was the first natural scientist and philosopher in ancient Greece and the West. Thales' students include Anaximander and Anaximene.

2.Heraclitus.

Heraclitus (c. 544-483 BC): Ancient Greek philosopher. He was a legendary philosopher and the founder of the School of the Times.

He believed that everything was constantly changing, and he held the idea of the unity of opposites. Lenin called him the founder of dialectics.

He was born into a royal family in the Ionian city-state of Ivors. He was supposed to inherit the throne, but he gave it up to his brother and went to seclusion near the temple of the goddess Aldismes. It is said that the Persian king Darius wrote to invite him to the Persian court to teach Greek culture.

There is a book "On Nature", and the rest of the bits and pieces remain.

3.Parmenides.

Parmenides was an ancient Greek philosopher who was born in a Greek city on the southern coast of Italy. He is one of the most representative figures of the pre-Socratic philosophers. He was the actual founder and main representative of the school of Elijah.

He was a student of Xenophanes and was also influenced by Pythagoras. His book On Nature, written mainly in rhyme, is now only fragmented in fragments. He believes that real change is not permanent, that all changes in the world are illusions, and that people cannot know the real by their senses.

The representative figures of Western philosophy are:

1. Thales.

Thales, a thinker, scientist and philosopher in ancient Greece, was born in the Ionian city of Miletus, founded the earliest philosophical school in ancient Greece, and was the founder of the earliest philosophical school in Greece - the school of Miletus (also known as the Ionian school).

One of the Seven Sages of Ancient Greece, the first thinker in the history of Western thought to have a name recorded, known as the "ancestor of science and philosophy". Thales was the first natural scientist and philosopher in ancient Greece and the West. Thales' students are Anaximande, Anaximene, etc.

2. Heraclitus.

Herakleitus (c. 544-483 BCE): Ancient Greek philosopher. He was a legendary philosopher and the founder of the Efes school.

Believing that all things are in constant flux and holding the idea of the unity of opposites, Lenin called him the founder of dialectics.

He was born into a royal family in the city-state of Epès in the Ionian region. He was supposed to inherit the throne, but he gave it up to his brother and went into seclusion near the temple of the goddess Aldimes. It is said that the Persian king Darius once wrote to invite him to teach Greek culture at the Persian court.

He is the author of the book "On Nature", and the existing fragments have survived.

3. Parmenides.

Parmenides was an ancient Greek philosopher born in Elijah (a Greek city on the coast of southern Italy). He is one of the most representative figures of the pre-Socratic philosophers. He was the de facto founder and main exponent of the Elian School.

He was a student of Xenophonie and was also influenced by members of the Pythagoreans. His main work is "On Nature", written in rhyme, and now only fragments remain, and he believes that reality is not changing, and that all changes in the world are illusions, so that man cannot know reality by his senses.

Pascal, Descartes, Nietzsche, Schopenhauer, Sartre, Montesquieu, Buddha.

There are many Western philosophers, and a few of them are of great significance to the development of philosophy.

1. Plato's "Ideal Republic", "Drinking", "Defense" and "Cleton" (all from "Plato's Dialogues").

2. Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, Instrumentalism

3. Plotinus, "Nine Chapters".

4. St. Augustine's "On the Trinity" and "Confessions".

I am not familiar with the Middle Ages, skip.

5. Rousseau's "Theory of the Social Contract" and "On the Origin of Human Inequality".

6. Voltaire's Philosophical Dictionary and Metaphysics

7. Locke's "On **".

8. Descartes, The First Philosophical Meditations

8+, Leibniz (almost forgot) "Leibniz Selected Natural Philosophy".

9. Kant, Critique of Pure Reason, Critique of Practical Reason, and Critique of Judgment

10. Hegel, Phenomenology of Spirit, Logic, and Aesthetics

11. Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Appearance

12. Nietzsche, "The Will to Power", "The Birth of Tragedy", "The Science of Happiness".

13, Carr. Marx's "Communist Manifesto" and "1844 Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts" are especially recommended, and Chinese Marx must read, otherwise Marx will be misunderstood.

14. Sartre's "Being and Nothingness", the drama "The Fly" and "The Isolated Trial".

15, Camus's "The Myth of Sisyphus" ** "The Plague".

16. Russell, A History of Western Philosophy, Philosophical Problems

17. Wittgenstein, Philosophy of Logic, Culture and Value

18. Husserl, Phenomenology

19. Heidegger, Being and Time, On the Nature of Truth

20, the last one is left to Stephen Chow, the 21st century is for the postmodern, and there will be no more philosophical masters.

Famous Western philosophers are:

Western antiquity: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle;

Western Middle Ages: Augustine, Aquinas.

Western Modern Times:

UK: Bacon, Hobbes, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Spencer; Russell, Wittgenstein;

France: Descartes, Leibniz, Pascal, Spinolosa, Voltaire, Diderot, Rousseau, Comte, Pagson, Sartre, Foucault--;

Germany: Kant, Fichte, Hegel, Feuerbach, Marx, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Husserl, Heidegger; Flåm, Marcuse, Althusser--

United States: James, Dewey, Popper--;

The fifteen most famous philosophers: Plato, Aristotle, Bacon, Descartes, Locke, Hume, Kant, Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, Russell, Wittgenstein, Husserl, Heidegger, Sartre.

1.Plato: The most prominent philosopher of ancient Greece.

2.Aristotle: The master of ancient Greek philosophy and science.

3.Bacon: The first person to put forward the experimental method and the inductive method, and the first person to enter the modern era.

4.Descartes: The founder of continental idealism, he determined the value of reason.

5.Locke: The most systematic exposition of empiricist philosophy.

6.Hume: Reveals the fundamental contradictions in modern philosophy.

7.Immanuel Kant: Master of philosophy, completed the Copernican revolution in philosophy, transforming from ontology to epistemology.

8.Hegel: Master of Dialectics, a comprehensive summary of modern philosophy.

9.Marx: Dialectical materialism and practical philosophy were proposed, which greatly influenced history.

10.Nietzsche: His philosophy of the volitional superman is deeply impressive, 11Russell: An authority on logical positivism and a figure of learning.

12.Wittgenstein: A philosophical genius, also a logical positivist.

13.Husserl: Grandmaster of Phenomenology.

14.Heidegger: Master of Existentialism.

15.Sartre: A master of existentialism, he had an important influence on the atmosphere of the times.