What is Confederation? What is federalism? What is the difference between the two and what countries

Comparison of federalism and confederation.

Differences. First, they have different meanings. The Confederation is also called the "Union State". It is a unified state composed of several member units (republics, states, states, etc.), such as the current United States, Germany, India, etc.

A confederation is a kind of national union formed by two or more countries in order to achieve military, ** or other common purposes, such as the modern European Union, ASEAN, etc., which is actually a confederation.

Second, the scope of the two is different. The scope of the federation is small, the scope of the confederation is large, there is a federation within the confederation, but there is no confederation within the federation. The European Union includes a number of federal countries, such as Germany.

Third, the institutions of the two are different. The Confederation has its own legislature and the Confederation has no supreme legislative and executive branch of the Confederation, and its main organ is the Parliament of the Confederation or the summit of the member states.

Fourth, the functions and powers of the two are different. The federation has its own constitution and laws, the status of the federation is higher than that of the constituent units, all major powers belong to the federation, the federal law is the supreme law of the country, the laws of the states shall not contradict it, the judgment of the federal court, its effect applies to the whole country, and the states, courts and citizens have the obligation to abide by it; Each state participating in the federation may, in accordance with the federal constitution, formulate its own constitution and laws, establish its own legislative, executive and judicial organs, and exercise power within its own jurisdiction to lead its subordinate levels**.

The activities of the Confederation are limited to specific aspects, and the resolutions of its summit must be approved by the member states before they can enter into force, but they have no legal effect, and the member states are still sovereign and independent states, each with legislative, administrative, diplomatic, military, financial and other powers.

Clause. Fifth, the international exchanges between the two are different. The Confederation is the subject of international exchanges, but some Confederations also allow member states to have certain diplomatic rights.

The Confederation is not the main subject of international exchanges, and its member states maintain their independence in internal and diplomatic affairs, and those with the nature of sovereign entities are still member states.

Common denominator: Section.

First, from the perspective of the form of the state structure, they all belong to the composite system.

Clause. Second, they can be converted into each other under certain conditions. Such as:

With the further centralization and unification of the social economy and politics, the United States, Switzerland, and Germany, which were once part of the Confederation, were successively reorganized into a federation, on the contrary, the former Soviet Union, which belonged to the federation, became the CIS at the end of 1991 (in fact, it has become a loose confederation).

In conclusion, a confederation is a "union of nations," while a federation is a "united nation."

To put it simply, a federal state, typically the United States, is an independent state formed by the union of many independent states (and not necessarily called states). This system allows each state to have its own constitution that applies to it, and each state has its own diplomatic and other powers. But the federation**, which is built on top of the states, has greater rights, and national sovereignty is also in the hands of the federation**.

For example, deciding whether the country should enter a state of emergency, whether to go to war with a foreign country, sending troops, and hearing national cases are all matters for the federation.

As for the confederation system, the most typical is the former Soviet Union. It is known that the former Soviet Union was a union of socialist countries consisting of Lithuania, Latvia, Bulgaria and other countries. They form a larger group above the state for a common goal, but their sovereignty is divided among the independent states.

As the goal is achieved or terminated, their relationship is terminated. And the European Union today, etc.

A type of composite state, also known as a state alliance, is an alliance of auspicious sparrows formed by a number of sovereign and independent states for specific purposes.

Countries include Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia and Herzegovina, and now some of the grouped pant banquets are confederational: the CIS, the Commonwealth, ASEAN, and the Organization of American States.

Features: 1) The member states are sovereignly independent, have equal status, and have no subordinate or restrictive relationship;

2) The Confederation itself is not a sovereign state, its powers are conceded by the members of the Confederation by agreement, and the Confederation does not have a unified supreme authority, no unified army, taxes, and nationality;

3) The Confederation shall have a consultative body of the member states, whose members shall be the heads of the member states, which shall only be used to negotiate common matters among the member states;

d) The common activities of the members of the Confederation are based on treaties signed by the parties. The Confederation and the Confederation belong to the same category of federalism. Federalism has two types in institutions:

One is the union of states (federation) and the other is the union of states (confederacy). Almost without exception, federal and confederation states are classified as composite states in textbooks. Although the members of the Confederation often speak with one voice, it may seem far-fetched to say that a confederation is a composite state, because the confederation is a form of human organization between the state and the non-state.

The classification of federalism versus confederation, like many other dichotomies, is a simplification of complex realities.