Sophomore Studies The basic ideas of Indian Buddhism

At the beginning of Shakyamuni's teachings, he put forward the most basic idea of "three seals": "All actions are impermanent, all laws have no self, and everything is suffering." Among them, the theory of "selflessness" is the pivotal link.

Indian Buddhism does not recognize the existence of some absolute, "monad" self-nature of human beings, but my "emptiness" does not refer to complete nothingness, but refers to the dependent arising, impermanence, and non-self-nature of the "self" of phenomena. Buddhism believes that human beings' ignorance, strife, and negative karma are all due to the fact that the original impermanent "me" is regarded as some kind of isolated and stalemate entity, and even elevates the relative, finite existence of the self to the center of all beings and all things. Buddhism's complete suspicion and dissolution of "self-grasping" shows the vanity of the narrow self of isolation and self-limitation, thus breaking the unthought and proven superiority and anthropocentric position of human beings.

An important trend in modern ecology is the rejection of anthropocentrism. It argues that individualism of all its kinds, and its variants, including anthropocentrism and nationalism, have become the root cause of all the problems of modern society, leading to both social strife and environmental degradation. For this reason, at least the mainstream of ecology does not see man as an ultimate physical being, but as a relational being.

According to the view of intrinsic connection, once a person leaves his surroundings, he ceases to be the same person. "The notion that human beings are inherently superior to other species is unfounded, and this is nothing more than a prejudice of human beings motivated by their own self-interest. "The unbridled expansion of anthropocentric consciousness and the vicious spread of human selfish desires have led to serious damage to the ecological order on which human beings and all species depend.

Ecology, based on its understanding of the relationship between man and environmental conditions, advocates a global ethic that transcends narrow, self-interested individualistic positions. On this fundamental ethical stance of human beings concerning the state of the environment, the ancient wisdom of Indian Buddhism echoes contemporary ecological understanding.

There has been no Buddhism in India for a long time, and Indians believe in God but not in Buddhism. Buddhism is almost exclusively to China. The basic idea of Buddhism: matter is illusory, life is reincarnation, and human life is governed by the law of cause and effect. The above is correct, as for the Western Elysium, it is superstition.

Buddhism has made the most fundamental and thorough revelation of the truth of the universe and life, and everything is inseparable from karma. The Buddha told us that we must be free from suffering and be happy, and he told us how to be free from suffering and be happy. 1. Self-reliance, 2. Relying on the power of the Buddha.

Now is the period of the end of the Dharma, sentient beings themselves have no ability to practice, only rely on the power of the Buddha, so the Buddha repeatedly advised us in the "Buddha Says Amitabha Sutra" to recite the name of Amitabha Buddha and survive in the Western Elysium.

Sinology should be the study of living people, right? It's all hype about yesterday's passing in order to trick teenagers into their self-confidence and energy focus for the future. That's what inspires you. Commonly known as the enslavement effect.

That's all I know.

Thai Buddhism is the inheritance of early Buddhism in India, when Indian Buddhism was still in the Theravada Buddhism stage, spread to Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia and Yunnan in China, because most of the area belongs to Southeast Asia, so it is also called "Southern Buddhism". Its rituals are also inherited from early Buddhism.

After the development of Indian Buddhism to Mahayana Buddhism, it spread to China. Today, Chinese Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhism in China (except Yunnan), regardless of the various sects, belong to Mahayana Buddhism. After the 5th century A.D. (probably not remember), Buddhism declined in India and merged with other religions to become today's Hinduism.

Indian Buddhism is not fundamentally different from existing Buddhism in terms of doctrine, and all sutras are produced in India, except for the Sutra of the Altar of the Six Patriarchs and some apocryphal scriptures. Today's believers look at both the Mahayana and Hinayana scriptures. For example, the Diamond Sutra is the Mahayana scriptures, and the four Ahams are the Hinayana classics.

Zen Buddhism is a Buddhist sect that originated in China and has little to do with India. Zen Buddhism established Tianzhu monk Bodhidharma as the first ancestor of Zen Buddhism in the East, in fact, according to the research of Hu Shi, a master of Chinese studies, Bodhidharma has its own people, but its deeds, especially the role played by the establishment of Chinese Zen Buddhism, are far less important than the legend.

The theory of Zen Buddhism differs from the traditional Indian Buddhist theory mainly in the understanding of Buddhahood. Indian Buddhism believes that in order to accumulate merit, one must become a monk (even if it is for a short period of time), and to give up one's life; Do not accumulate wealth, do not produce, must beg for food;

Zen Buddhism, on the other hand, believes that becoming a monk is not necessary, and that becoming a Buddha is an inner enlightenment, not in the form and content of practice. At the same time, Zen Buddhism needs to be self-reliant, "not doing a day, not eating a day". Also, Indian Buddhism talks about idolatry, but early Zen Buddhism forbade idolatry, "no Buddha hall, only a Dharma hall".

It was only after the later union with the Pure Land sect that he began to worship the Buddha.

These are the differences.

Since the Song Dynasty, Zen Buddhism began to spread abroad, first to Korea, then to Japan, and then to Vietnam. Buddhism in these countries today belongs to Zen Buddhism. Now there are even European and American countries, but they are mainly done by Zen monks in Japan and Taiwan.

I can't talk about the rest.

Zen Buddhism relies on enlightenment, not according to words and scriptures This is the biggest difference The so-called: do not establish words, and do not spread other sects outside the religion are mainly based on Buddhist scriptures or which Buddhist scriptures

There are many kinds of people, and there are no different laws. Dharma does not differ according to national borders.

Buddhism is not a vegetarian method, nor is it a vegetarian who believes in Buddhism, vegetarianism is a dietary concept. There is a vegetarian window in the Olympic Games, and many foreign athletes are vegetarians, so it cannot be said that they all believe in Buddhism or study Chinese culture. Be sure to recognize the truth of vegetarianism.

Vegetarianism is not only advocated by Buddhism, in fact, only Han Buddhism advocates vegetarianism, such as the Southern Tradition, Tibetan Buddhism, including the early Buddhism of India, does not stipulate that vegetarianism must be eaten, Buddhism in the Mahayana Bodhisattva way, the Bodhisattva has mercy on all sentient beings, so he can't bear to eat all sentient beings' flesh, and later under the regulations of Emperor Wu of Liang, Han Buddhism simply unified vegetarianism.

Mencius said that people have compassion, and said that they can't bear to eat their meat when they hear their voices, so the gentleman cooks, especially in modern times, likes Chinese culture, hopes to be physically and mentally pure, reduces desires, and also restricts himself, so he chooses to eat vegetarian, but not necessarily believes in Buddhism. In fact, vegetarianism is not a unique idea of Buddhism, and it can even be said that it was influenced by Confucianism and Taoism to lay the foundation for later culture.

It doesn't matter if you are a vegetarian or not.

Guoxue can be translated as "guoxue" (transliteration) and "Sinology" (paraphrase, referring to Chinese studies or Sinology).

1. Sinology in the narrow sense refers to traditional Chinese culture and scholarship with Confucianism as the main body.

2. The Chinese culture generally mentioned now refers to a set of unique and complete cultural and academic systems based on the pre-Qin classics and Zhuzi Studies, covering the two Han Dynasty classics, Wei and Jin metaphysics, Song and Ming Dynasty science and the Han Fu of the same period, the Six Dynasties Punwen, the Tang and Song Dynasty poems, the Yuan Qu and the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the historiography of the past dynasties.

Therefore, in a broad sense, ancient Chinese and modern culture and scholarship, including history, thought, philosophy, geography, politics, economy, and even calligraphy and painting, mathematics, traditional Chinese medicine, astrology, architecture, etc., are all involved in the scope of Chinese culture.

Generally speaking, Sinology refers to traditional Chinese culture and scholarship with Confucianism as the main body. Since Sinology is the traditional culture and academic answer of the Chinese Return, it undoubtedly also includes medicine, drama, calligraphy and painting, astrology, mathematics, etc., which of course belong to the category of Sinology, but it can also be said to be the extension of Sinology.

Chinese studies should be divided into philosophy, history, religion, literature, etiquette, evidence, ethics, editions, etc., among which Confucian philosophy is the mainstream; In terms of ideology, it should be divided into the pre-Qin Zhuzi, Confucianism, Taoism, and interpretation, etc., Confucianism runs through and dominates the history of Chinese thought, and the other columns are subordinate; Sinology is divided into four parts: classics, history, sub-sections, and collections, but the classics and sub-departments are the most important, especially the scriptures.