What aspects of human progress are reflected in the making of faience 5

Pottery is centuries old"The essence of China"。As early as about 7,000 years ago, during the Banpo culture period, the earliest color painting of pottery appeared. Painted pottery art integrates the creative ideas, styles and languages of the artists to create different styles and a wide variety of art treasures, which is a rare cultural treasure in China.

<> faience pottery was first discovered in 1921 at the Neolithic cultural site in Yangshao Village, Mianchi County, Henan, and then found in Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Hubei and other places. Due to the different times, faience belongs to different cultural types. The patterns of Machang faience mainly include four circles and frog patterns, as well as continuous arc patterns, back patterns, diamond patterns and lattice patterns.

The four hoops are also decorated with various small patterns, with more than 400 individual patterns. Frog patterns are divided into full frogs, half frogs, frog limbs, etc., which are rich in variety.

The painted pottery patterns are rich and colorful, taking the Majiayao culture as an example, the number of painted pottery accounts for about 60% of all pottery types, and the highest areas such as the Diba Ping site, the unearthed painted pottery accounts for 90%. Banpo type painted pottery: distributed in the Weihe River Basin, with the Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi Province as the center to develop around.

Typical types of pottery include large round-bottomed clay pots, folding clay pots, and elongated necked clay pots. The representative utensils have a human face fish pattern basin. It is mainly decorated with rope and thread patterns.

Strings, conical spires. Temple bottom ditch faience. Sidigou faience was developed on the basis of the Banpo type.

Its distribution center is in Shaanxi, Henan, Shanxi and other provinces, and its range is larger than that of Banpu type. It is mainly bowls and basins with deep bellies and curved walls, and the most typical ones are kitchens, pots, and small-bottomed bowls with large bellies. The colors are black and red.

It is mainly decorated with petal patterns, hook leaf patterns, triangular swirls and reticulation patterns.

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The representative utensils have a human face fish pattern basin. It is very distinctive, and then it is also a typical representative of painted pottery, there are also a lot of good-looking patterns on the top, the color is very rich, and the glaze is very smooth.

Tang Sancai, there are many striped painted pottery vessels, there are many clay pots with thin necks, there are many basins with fish patterns, and there are some bowls with special patterns, which are all representatives of painted pottery.

Human face fish pattern basin, Majiayao ceramics, mid-mountain ceramics, Machang ceramics, temple ditch type painted pottery, these are typical representatives of each type of painted pottery.

Modeling characteristics of primitive faience: Central Plains.

The faience process started earlier, lasted for a long time, and the types of decoration were much richer than in other regions. Among them, Xi'an, Shaanxi.

The painted pottery unearthed in Banpo mainly includes a round-bottomed pot and pot with a round lip and a round belly, a thin-necked pot with a flower bud mouth, a straight-mouthed bottle with a pointed bottom of a drum belly, and a folded bottle with a waist and a cup-shaped.

<> Shaanxi County, Henan. The pottery excavated from the ditch at the bottom of the temple includes deep-bellied curved wall bowls, shallow-bellied basins, mouth basins, mouth pots, long-necked pots, heavy lip pointed bottoms or flat-bottomed bottles. Northwest China.

The painted pottery is represented by the Majiayao type, the Banshan type, the Machang type and later the Xindian type. Long-necked flat pots, wide-shouldered pots, small-bottomed pots, bowls, basins, etc. The original faience art is the mother of Chinese art, it has a high artistic level and decorative characteristics in terms of modeling, pattern, color, etc., it not only shines in the history of art, but also has certain practical significance for the creation of modern decorative art.

Primitive society. There has been an extremely long period of development in the history of mankind, and we divide it into the Paleolithic period.

and the Neolithic. Imitating the simplicity of primitive people, there are obvious traces of counterfeit objects. There are two kinds of patterns:

Geometric patterns and natural patterns, of which geometric patterns are slightly more. The painted pottery of the Neolithic Age has a combination of simple techniques, strong effects, rich imagination, bold exaggeration, art and technology.

First, the unity of function and aesthetics.

First, the unity of modeling and decoration and other characteristics.

The main types of primitive faience: the most representative is the Yangshao culture in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.

and the Majiayao culture in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. The painted pottery of Yangshao culture is characterized by the Banpo painted pottery of Xi'an and the painted pottery of Miaodigou in Shaanxi County, Henan, and the artistic achievement is the highest. The faience process in the Central Plains region was made earlier, lasted for a long time, and the types of decoration were much richer than those in other regions.

Among them, the painted pottery unearthed in Banpo, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province mainly includes the round bottom basin and pot with a round lip and round belly, the thin-necked pot with the bud mouth, the straight mouth bottle with the pointed bottom of the drum belly, and the folding bottle with waist and cup shape.

I don't know much in fact, I only know that the painted pottery is generally a round bottom basin, and then the earliest originated in the Central Plains, the appearance of the painted pottery is very beautiful, and Shaanxi will do more painted pottery.

The original faience is developed in the Central Plains, its development cycle is very long, its appearance is also colorful, among which there are many kinds of primitive faience in Shaanxi, and there are many people who love it.

Painted pottery rose relatively early in the Central Plains of China, and the painted pottery in the Central Plains is relatively diverse and beautiful.

Painted pottery is a kind of exquisite pottery that is widely popular in the new period of our country. It is an outstanding achievement in the historical development of the Chinese nation. So how is the faience with a strong sense of life and a strong artistic style made?

The production process of painted pottery can be roughly divided into four steps: clay processing, clay billet molding, utensils decoration and kiln firing. Specifically, the mud is first reconciled with the dough, then kneaded into mud strips, and then coiled layer by layer in the form of a spiral, and the clay blank is transformed. Next, the painted pottery pot is painted, and the last step is to fire it in the kiln.

A fine piece of pottery was born.

The origin of faience is closely related to the sedentary life or relative settlement of human beings. In the long-term practice of labor and life, human beings have gradually discovered that clay is viscous and malleable when mixed with an appropriate amount of water, and it can be kneaded into various shapes with water at will.

With the accumulation of long-term experience in human fire, people have realized that mud becomes hard and waterproof after being burned by fire. As a result, he mastered the production technology, and then invented the faience pottery. The appearance of faience shows that primitive humans have begun to use and transform nature, marking the beginning of the Neolithic Age.

At the same time, the invention of faience has greatly improved the living conditions of human beings, and has a revolutionary impact and major role in the production and lifestyle of primitive human beings.

China is the birthplace of painted pottery culture, which originated in the Weihe River Basin in Northwest China. In the 5,000 BC Xi'an Banpo ruins, many exquisite faience pottery have been found. Common types of utensils include bowls, basins, bowls, thin-necked pots, small-mouthed pointed bottom bottles, jars, urns, etc.

Archaeologists have found millet in pots and urns. In particular, in one cellar, the husks were piled up to several buckets. In addition, grain remains have been found at other sites.

In addition, archaeologists also found that the clay pots at the Banpo site were filled with tea seeds such as charred cabbage or mustard greens. From these discoveries, it is shown that agriculture was relatively developed at that time, and the ancients also mastered the technology of vegetable cultivation.

It is a process in which the clay is shaped and then the shaped clay is placed in a furnace for baking. It originated in the Banpo culture period more than 7,000 years ago, and at that time it was already painted on the pottery, and a lot of cultural relics were excavated, through which the existence of these painted pottery can be proven.

The yellow clay glue must be cleaned, and to ensure the purity of the yellow clay glue, it is necessary to make colored pottery through continuous selection, crushing and soaking, and there is a specific production process. The earliest was the discovery of the Neolithic site, and through continuous innovation and development in the later period, there was finally the origin of the faience culture.

1. Fetal quality: The painted pottery made by the ancient ancestors is made of high-quality clay alluvial by the river, which is pure and free of impurities, moist as a powder cake, and the mud is flexible. The pottery made of firing has a gelatinous texture with the naked eye.

Due to the poor firing technology conditions at that time, the firing temperature was relatively low, and the fired pottery had strong water absorption.

2. Modeling: When the ancestors made painted pottery, the mold was used to apply mud to debirth method, mud strip plate construction method, stacking plastic hand kneading method, using the original slow wheel to trim the trouser slag, and the pottery produced could not be very regular, with slight deformation, and the surface had a sense of concave and convex. And because of the limited level of craftsmanship at that time, the inner interface of the pottery produced was mostly rough, the bottle mouth was not very round and regular, and the bottle ears on both sides were not on a horizontal line, and the size was different.

3. Painting: The ornamentation painted by the painted pottery is Dan Chun contains the specific clan symbols of each clan or tribe at that time, which has the characteristics of each tribe.

Painted pottery is a form of Neolithic culture, widely distributed, in terms of artistic achievements, there are two main systems: one is the Yangshao culture distributed in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, mainly to Banpo - Miaodigou painted pottery is the most representative. The second is the Majiayao culture distributed in the Ganqing area in the upper reaches of the Yellow River.

In this article, I will focus on the characteristics and history of faience from these two periods.

1. Painted pottery in the Yangshao cultural period.

Yangshao culture was formed 7,000 years ago, mainly distributed in the Weihe River Basin, western Henan and southern Jin. Yangshao culture is a culture characterized by red pottery and painted pottery. The Yangshao culture has a long history, which existed from about 5000 to 3000 BC and lasted for about 2000 years.

In the development process of 2000, Yangshao cultural painted pottery reflects a unique decorative beauty in terms of shape and pattern. Painted pottery is not only a daily necessities, but also an art appreciation. The decoration of faience is the best reflection of the original decorative design achievements.

Second, the painted pottery of the Majiayao culture period.

The Majiayao culture is a late Neolithic culture in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. It is named because it was first found in the site of Majiayao, and the age is about 5000-4000 years ago.

China has a long cultural history that includes a long history of prehistoric art, and faience is a classic stage in this long history, laying the formal foundation for the development of art.

to"Ancient agriculture in faience"As the theme, it collects more than 200 pieces of painted pottery unearthed in Gansu and Qinghai provinces, most of which are works from the peak period of Majiayao culture and art in the Neolithic Age. The Painted Pottery Hall is located in Hall 10 of the China Agricultural Museum. The entire exhibition area is circular and divided into four sections.

Society & Life"、"Agriculture and nature worship"、"Hunting, fishing, and gathering"、"Farming and weaving"。The faience artifacts here are carefully selected, allowing us to get closer to these exquisite artifacts and understand the ancient agricultural production and people's living conditions that they reflect.

<> you enter the faience museum, you will see a variety of large and small faience objects, of course, they are also used for different purposes. Because the painted pottery is to meet the needs of human production and life, it was found in ancient China"Shennong tastes herbs"According to the legend of experts, in primitive societies, people found in practice that after long-term barbecue with fire, it would turn into hard lumps, so the clay was made into mud and fired into pottery to adapt to various uses. This is one of the important signs that human society has entered the Neolithic Age.

Painted pottery refers specifically to pottery that is colored before firing. Brilliant colors with strong contrasts, beautiful patterns with a variety of images, complex combinations of dots, lines, and planes. Painted pottery was not only a practical tool for early ancestors, but also represented an outstanding artistic achievement of the era.

Archaeological data show that the world's earliest faience appeared at the east and west ends of the Asian continent 8,000 years ago, and China is one of the birthplaces of faience in the world. As the largest tributary of the Yellow River, the Weihe River basin has given birth to the Painted Pottery Cultural Zone, which is also one of the most important Painted Pottery Cultural Areas in the world. This is the area with the most complete sequence of the development of painted pottery culture, starting from the old Guantai culture of about 8,000 years ago, through the development of Banpo culture and Miaodigou culture, it has continued to the late Yangshao era, and after more than 3,000 years of process, it has become a unique cultural landscape in China.

It can be seen that the agricultural production situation at that time was very good, and through the way of painted pottery can reflect the time of agricultural production at that time, and then also show the aesthetic mood of agricultural production, people will hold things through the way of painted pottery, the use value is relatively high, and then it can be used to release water, can be used to put things, and the ornamental value is relatively high.

Reflecting the agricultural production of the ancients is relatively good, the painted pottery also reflects the grain of the ancients more and more, Haitao can be used as a good storage equipment, and a lot of grain will be stored inside.

Reflecting the highly developed production status of the ancients' agriculture, there are some farming and textiles of the ancients on some painted pottery, which vividly shows that the ancients attached great importance to the development of agriculture.

Painted pottery culture is now able to reflect the wisdom of ancient people. The painted pottery culture is also a culture invented by the ancients in the long-term development process, which has a long history.