How did Loulan disappear? Loulan is where it is now

Due to the deterioration of the environment

The place where Loulan is located is now a sea of sand!

Loulan is now the northern border of Ruoqiang County, Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang. Loulan is the name of the ancient country in the Western Regions, and it is a small ancient country in western China, with the capital of Loulan City. The ancient city of Loulan now covers an area of 120,000 square meters, close to a square, with a side length of about 330 meters, and the entire site is scattered in the Yadan landform group on the west bank of Lop Nur.

The ancient city of Luntai, the ruins of the end of the building, the ancient tombs, the ancient beacons, the mummies, the ancient rock paintings, etc., are all world-class tourist attractions.

The name of Loulan began to be found in the "Historical Records", in 176 BC the Xiongnu Mao Dunshan Yu to the Han Wen Emperor Liu Heng letter, Loulan belonged to the Xiongnu. In 60 B.C., it belonged to the Western Regions of the Han Dynasty. Loulan is the easternmost Silk Road in the Western Regions, the Han and Hungarians want to control Loulan in order to compete for the Western Regions, Loulan between the Han and Hungarians "do not belong to each other, there is no way to be at ease".

The ruins of the ancient city of Loulan are 350 kilometers away from Korla City in the northwest and 330 kilometers away from Ruoqiang County in the southwest. There is an ancient canal that runs diagonally through the city from northwest to southeast.

According to the "Hanshu Western Regions Biography", as early as the 2nd century, Loulan was a famous "city country" in the Western Regions. It leads to Dunhuang in the east, Yanqi and Yuli in the northwest, and Ruoqiang and Mo in the southwest. The north and south of the ancient "Silk Road" diverged from Loulan.

The ancient city of Loulan now belongs to Ruoqiang County, Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

Loulan, a country in the ancient Western Regions, later Shanshan, now only leaves ruins. Around the end of the 4th century, Loulan City was finally abandoned. Loulan country starts from the vicinity of Guyangguan in the east, reaches the ancient city of Niya in the west, reaches Altun Mountain in the south, and reaches Hami in the north.

The ancient city of Loulan now belongs to Ruoqiang County, Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and is 220 kilometers away from Ruoqiang County.

The archaeological team re-determined the location of the ancient city of Loulan at 89°55 22 east longitude and 40°29 55 north latitude, and the four city walls were about 330 meters long, with a total area of 10,000 square meters, basically square. The tallest building in the city is a meter-tall stupa in the eastern part of the city, made of adobe and timber.

The base of the tower is square and about a meter long on each side. The most prominent architectural remains of the city are the "three rooms" in the middle, the walls of which are the only ones in the city made of adobe. From the analysis of the location and structure of this group of buildings, this may be the location of the yafu of the ancient city of Loulan.

There is a ruin of an ancient channel that runs east-west through the city, which may be the waterway for the residents of Guloulan City to get water. 5 kilometers northwest of the ancient city, there is a beacon, 12 meters high, made of clay and wood. The southwest of the city is a residential area, which has collapsed.

Most of the walls are made of mud between two rows of red willows, reinforced with reed ropes, and then plastered with mud on the outside. There are also some ruins, ruins and ancient tombs such as Buddhist temples and beacons around the city.

Loulan cultural value

Loulan is located at the throat of the Silk Road and was the main trunk of the original Silk Road. When the merchants arrived in Loulan, they should consider whether to take the northbound route or turn south to the south. It can be seen that the geographical location of Loulan was more important at that time and was the hub at that time.

As a result, the cultures of various regions, countries and different nationalities are brought together here.

Various cultures absorb and learn from each other locally, thus forming a diverse Loulan culture. For example, the way in which King Shanshan is crowned with a series of honorary titles originated from the edicts of the ancient Persian emperors, and King Shanshan obviously imitated the title of King Kushan; The Chinese script has the habit of writing words on bamboo slips, but many foreign characters in the unearthed wooden slips are also written on bamboo slips:

Lu Wen Mu Jian and Tong Wen Mu Jian are the fusion of the two cultures here.

At the same time, many traces of different cultural fusions have also been unearthed. In terms of language, Loulan culture has also shown positive absorption. According to the "Biography of Fa Xian":

The laymen of all countries and the Shamen practiced the Tianzhu Dharma, but they did their best. Since then, Shanshan has traveled westward, and all the countries it passes through are the same. However, the Hu language of the country is different, but the monks all learn Tianzhu book and Tianzhu language. ”

For the reason for the disappearance of Loulan City:

1. Some people believe that it is caused by the changes of the Silk Road. After the two Jin Dynasty, the Silk Road was changed to the north, and the garrison of the Central Plains in Loulan and the Tuntian business also moved to the north, so in this case, the ancient city of Loulan was slowly abandoned and eventually disappeared.

2. Some people also think that the war destroyed Loulan City. As an important place, in history, the Xiongnu, Tuhu, Sanfan, Yueshi and other countries have ruled Loulan. In the many cemeteries around Loulan City, it can be seen that different races were buried in the cemeteries of the same period in the same area.

It is possible that after Loulan was occupied and excavated, the occupiers carried out a massacre of the city, and then evacuated, and buried Loulan was slowly annihilated by the wind and sand.

3. There are also people who believe that climate change caused the tragedy. There are two kinds of-for-tat speculations, one is that Loulan was destroyed by drought, and the other is that Loulan was destroyed by floods.

Loulan is the remains of an ancient city in the Western Regions, located in the north of Ruoqiang County, Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, in the northwest corner of Lop Nur and 7 kilometers on the south bank of the Peacock River. Loulan was first seen in the "Historical Records", which was once a necessary place for the Silk Road, and now only ruins remain.

Loulan is located in the north of Ruoqiang County, Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China, 220 kilometers away from Ruoqiang County in the southwest and 28 kilometers away from the west bank of Lop Nur in the east.

Loulan is also known as Loulan Ancient Eggplant Zhengcheng and Shanshan Kingdom, which was established in the 3rd century BC and disappeared about 1600 years ago. The nuclear model has been slowed down.

Loulan culture can be called the world's most cultural landscape, Luntai ancient city, the ruins of the end of the world, ancient tombs, ancient beacons, mummies, ancient rock murals and so on are all world-class tourist attractions.