How to use the virtual words of the literary language, and what is the law of the sentence breaking

Read the paragraph:

Sentence assertion in classical Chinese is traditionally called "sentence reading".

Sentence breaks and punctuation in classical Chinese.

Therefore, before breaking a sentence, you should read through it several times, strive to have a general understanding of the content of the whole text, disconnect what can be broken first, gradually narrow the scope, and then concentrate on analyzing the connection between the difficult sentence and the context. When breaking sentences, you should also pay attention to the genre, language style, and completeness of the meaning of the article. The use of punctuation should be standardized, and it is the same as the use of punctuation in modern Chinese.

Strengthen the recitation, enhance the sense of language, and greatly help the punctuation of broken sentences. In addition, sentence breaks can roughly follow the following rules: (1) Find nouns (pronouns) and read sentences.

As in modern Chinese, nouns (pronouns) are often used as the subject and object of sentences, so finding recurring nouns or pronouns in the text can basically break the sentence reading. (2) Look at the imaginary words and read the sentences. The ancients wrote articles without punctuation.

They read sentences clearly, and empty words become important signs. In particular, the preceding and following of modal words and some conjunctions are often the place where the sentence should be broken. Such as:

Pronunciation words such as husband, gai, fan, plagiarism, qing, and respect, as well as adverbs of respect, are often used at the beginning of sentences; Modal words such as also, 矣, 欤, 焉, 哉 and so on are often used at the end of sentences; Conjunctions such as to, dry, for, and, and then are commonly used in sentences. According to this characteristic, finding out the imaginary words will help the sentence reading. (3) Find the top truth and read the sentence.

Dingzhen is a common form in classical Chinese. The sentence is coherent, and the word that was the object in the previous sentence is the subject in the next sentence. For example:

If you are afraid, you will think, and if you think, you will see nothing. According to this characteristic, we can also determine the sentence reading. (4), according to the arrangement, the sentence reading.

Row ratio, duality, and symmetry are the most common rhetorical methods in classical Chinese. The sentence structure is neat, with more than four or six sentences, which is a major feature of classical Chinese language. This feature also provides convenience for sentence breaking.

5) According to the total score, read the sentence. In classical Chinese, there are often forms of total points and total points, according to which sentences can also be broken. (6) Dialogue, quotation sentence reading.

In classical Chinese, dialogues and quotations are often marked by "曰" and "cloud", and the dialogue between two people is generally written in the first question and answer, and then only "曰" is used and the subject is omitted. When encountering a dialogue, the questioner and the answerer should be judged according to the context, and the sentence should be read clearly. (7) Observe and repeat, and read the sentence.

Repetition, especially spaced repetition, is also a common rhetorical device in classical Chinese. For example, in "Zou Ji Satire on the King of Qi", "I am with Xu Gongmei in the north of the city" has been repeated many times, which also provides a powerful help for breaking the sentence.

It can be done in four steps:

1. Read through the full text and understand the general idea.

First of all, it is necessary to correctly judge the style of the sentence to be broken. If it is a biographical essay with a storyline, it is necessary to grasp its general plot, central events, and relationships between characters; If it is an argumentative essay, it is necessary to clarify the center of the article, and then further clarify the logical relationship between the front and back according to the center. In short, before breaking a sentence, you must read through the given passage several times to grasp the gist of the passage as much as possible.

2. Step by step, first easy and then difficult.

On the basis of familiarizing yourself with the passage and grasping the meaning of the text, first cut off the part that you are sure of, and then cut off the part that you are not sure of. Like this paragraph, it is easy to disconnect the "incense burner peak", "Yiai Temple", "Jialu Mountain", "Yuanhe 11th autumn" and so on. It is more difficult to disconnect the north peak of the mountain in the world, "its situation is overwhelming", "if the traveler travels far away to pass the hometown" and so on.

For parts that are easy to break sentences, you can directly add slashes or punctuation; For those that are difficult to determine for the time being, they can be put aside for the final consideration.

3. With the help of "features", cleverly break sentences.

There are two main types of special words: one is verbs such as "曰" and "cloud", and the other is virtual words. Pay special attention to imaginary words, because imaginary words are used frequently and have strong grammatical functions, and with the help of imaginary words, they can help us to break sentences accurately.

Special words serve sentence breaks, which can be summarized as follows: "曰" after the colon (:) sigh (!) , Gai and Fu are mostly at the beginning of the sentence, "Yu", "And", "Then", "Yi" are generally in the middle, and "yes" and "Hu" often express doubts (?). 矣", "ear" and "ear" are followed by a circle (. Also", "者" action table pause, or sentence (.

Or tease (,) to see as appropriate.

4. Pay attention to sentence structure and assist sentence breaking.

The ancients used neat sentence structure, or arrangement, or duality, or symmetry. This form can sometimes help us to break sentences accurately, such as "Shanbei Peak is said to be an incense burner and Fengbei Temple is said to be a temple of love" in the above paragraph, which can be broken into "Shanbei Peak is said to be an incense burner and Fengbei Temple is said to be a temple of love" according to the symmetrical sentence structure.

Sentences in classical Chinese are mainly broken in units of words or phrases, including single-word words and multi-word words, as well as poems and imaginary words. The following is an example of a broken sentence. Such as:

The wild of Yongzhou produces strange snakes: black and white, touching the grass and trees to death; To bite people, there is no king. However, if you have to use it as bait, you can already ...... the wind