Contents of the Sino American Treaty of Mong Ha 30

The Treaty of Wangxia was another heavier shackle imposed on China, and became a model for the Treaty of Whampoa and other imperialist powers to sign unequal treaties with China. It was the first criminal record of the early US aggression against China, and it quietly undermined China's independence and sovereignty. The conclusion of the "Wang-Ha Treaty" made the formal diplomatic relations between China and the United States based on inequality from the very beginning, and this could not but cast a heavy shadow on the development of Sino-US relations in the future.

Contents and Hazards:

Enjoy the privileges that the UK has already acquired.

The right of the port of import and export of military vessels.

Undermining China's sovereignty over territorial waters.

Hospitals and churches were opened in treaty ports.

Facilitate the cultural aggression of the Great Powers against China.

U.S. warships patrolled**, hospitals were opened, churches were established).

The Treaty of Wangxia gave the United States all the privileges that Britain had obtained in the Treaty of Nanking and its annexes, except for land cession and indemnity, and at the same time expanded its rights and interests in aggression.

For example, U.S. warships can arbitrarily inspect China's treaty ports**; Americans had the right to open hospitals, build churches, etc., in treaty ports. The Sino-US Treaty of Wangxia is a more detailed and complete unequal treaty than the Sino-British Treaty of Nanjing, the Sino-British Treaty of Humen and their annexes.

It was an even heavier shackle imposed on China, and served as a model for the subsequent Sino-French Treaty of Whampoa and the unequal treaties signed by other imperialist powers with China.

No. This is a devastating blow to the national industry, and the United States wants to monopolize the Chinese market with it.

No. The first unequal treaty signed with a foreign country in China's modern history was the Sino-British Treaty of Nanjing.

1. Treaty of Nanjing:

The Treaty of Nanjing, also known as the Treaty of Jiangning, was the first unequal treaty signed between China and a foreign country in modern history. It involves land cession, indemnity, trade between the five mouths, and negotiations on taxes and pickpockets.

In 1842 (the 22nd year of Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty), the Qing Dynasty was defeated in the First Opium War with the British. Qing ** delegates signed the Sino-British Treaty of Nanjing with the British on the British flagship HMS Kang Huali (Yigao Huali) anchored in Nanjing (then known as Jiangning).

The Treaty of Nanjing was the first unequal treaty imposed on the Chinese people by Western capitalist countries in modern times. Britain forced China to accept its aggressive demands by means of armed aggression, which undermined China's independent status as a sovereign state. Britain forcibly occupied Hong Kong Island, undermined China's territorial integrity, and lost its independent status.

The Five Ports Trade became the center of Western capitalism's colonial plundering and unequal exchange of China. The huge amount of compensation increased the financial burden of the Qing **, and at the same time passed on to the working people Zhao Lianchang, making their lives even more difficult.

After the signing of the Treaty of Nanjing, the Western powers took advantage of the fire and looted and forced the Qing Dynasty to sign a series of unequal treaties. Since then, China has gradually degenerated into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

The Sino-US Treaty of Mong-Ha consists of 34 paragraphs, with customs tariffs. The main content is that the United States enjoys the same rights as Britain in trade and diplomacy. In other words, the special rights and interests obtained by Britain through the Opium War, except for land cession and indemnity, were obtained by the United States, and in many ways they endangered China even more

1.Agreement tariffs. The treaty stipulated: "If China wishes to change the tax rate in the future, it must negotiate with the consul and other officials of the United States." This is a further expansion of the scope of the "agreed tariff" stipulated in the "Nanjing Treaty," which has seriously damaged China's economy.

2.Expand the scope of consular jurisdiction. The treaty provides:

In the event of a lawsuit between a Chinese national and a U.S. national, the U.S. national shall be arrested and interrogated by a U.S. consul and other national in accordance with U.S. law and practice; In the event of a dispute between a US national and a national of another country in China, "the two countries should listen to the two countries and handle it in accordance with the treaties established by each country," and China has no right to intervene. As a result, the Qing Dynasty's judicial power to arrest, interrogate, convict, and punish American nationals was completely lost.

3.Violation of China's territorial sea rights. U.S. warships were allowed to "inspect" Chinese ports at will, and Qing Dynasty ports were to be received "friendly." The Qing Dynasty had no control over the American merchant ships anchored in China.

4.It provides for a clause that can be "amended" after 12 years. In addition, the treaty also stipulates one-sided most-favored-nation treatment, and if China grants certain preferential treatment to other countries in the future, the United States should be equally involved.