As early as a few centuries, humans invented the abacus

It was the 1st century. Eastern Han Dynasty (25 220).

Who invented the abacus is impossible to investigate. But its use should have been very early. The Eastern Han Dynasty mathematician's "Chronicles of Mathematics" contains:

It can be seen that there was an abacus in the Han Dynasty, but the shape is different in recent times. However, one bead above the middle beam is five, and each bead below the middle beam is one, which is the same as in modern times, and according to Xu Yue, his teacher Liu Hong once asked Mr. Tianmu to learn from the Taoist, and Tianmu gave the method of teaching abacus, which shows that the abacus has appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty at the latest. Some historians believe that the name abacus first appeared in the Collected Works of Mr. Jing Xiu written by the Yuan scholar Liu Yin (1249-1293).

In "Yuan Qu Selection", the anonymous "Pang Jushi mistakenly released the next debt" also mentions the abacus. There is such a sentence in the play: "Idle hands, go to the abacus and dial my age."

In 1274 AD, Yang Hui recorded the "Nine Return and Division" about abacus in "Multiplication and Division" and Zhu Shijie in "Arithmetic Enlightenment" in 1299. In 1450 A.D., Wu Jing in the "Nine Chapters of Detailed Annotations and Analogous Algorithms", the use of the abacus is described in more detail, Zhang Zerui painted an abacus in the "Qingming Riverside Map", it can be seen that as early as the Northern Song Dynasty or before the Northern Song Dynasty, China has widely used the abacus as a calculation tool.

3rd century. Xu Yue (?) 220) word Gong River.

He was a famous mathematician and astronomer in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the world's first "abacus" proposer and "abacus" recorder. A native of Donglai (now Laizhou City). During the reign of Emperor Ling of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the famous astronomer Liu Hong created the "Dry Elephant Calendar" and "personally taught it the law" to Xu Yue.

Xu Yue devoted himself to the study of the calendars such as obscurity, Shuo, strings, hope, and the eclipse of the sun and the moon, and further improved the "dry elephant calendar", and later taught the calendar to Kan Ze, the secretary of Wu Guozhong, so that the calendar could be implemented in Wu State. The study of the calendar laid a solid foundation for Xu Yue's future research in arithmetic. He collected a large number of mathematical materials since the pre-Qin period, and wrote mathematical works such as "Records of Mathematics" and "The Need for Arithmetic".

The Mathematical Records record the essence of his arithmetic questions and answers with Liu Hong in detail, and introduce 14 calculation methods. For the first time, the style of the abacus was recorded, and for the first time, it was named "abacus". Emperor Yankang of the Han Dynasty died of illness in the first year (220).

The "abacus" was invented in the 15th century and was invented by Xu Yue. The abacus is a form of manual operation calculation aid, which originated in China and has a history of more than 2,600 years, and is an important invention in ancient China. Before the advent of Arabic numerals, the abacus was a widely used calculation tool in the world.

Today, abacus continues to be used in parts of Asia and the Middle East, especially in stores, where it can be bought from stores of Chinese and Japanese goods. In the West, it is sometimes used to help children understand numbers, and some mathematicians like to experience what it's like to use an abacus to calculate simple arithmetic problems.

The abacus, invented by Xu Yue in the 15th century.

The abacus is a simple calculation tool created and invented by our ancestors, the abacus originated in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the Northern Song Dynasty stringed abacus. The abacus is a simple calculation tool invented and created by the working people in ancient China.

China is the hometown of the abacus, and today, when computers have been widely used, the ancient abacus has not only not been abandoned, but has been in the ascendant in many countries because of its convenience and accuracy. In the famous painting of the Northern Song Dynasty "Qingming Riverside Picture", Zhao Taicheng's pharmacy cabinet is painted with an abacus. Because the abacus is convenient and fast, it has been a common calculation tool used by the working people in ancient China for thousands of years, and the most advanced electronic calculator in modern times cannot completely replace the role of the abacus.

Adopted by UNESCO in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, the abacus officially became an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. It is the 30th item listed as intangible cultural heritage in China.

Abacus is a tool for performing calculations with an abacus. The invention of abacus has made a leap forward in people's computing ability, and the term "abacus" was first seen in the book "Mathematical Notes" written by Xu Yue, a native of the Eastern Han Dynasty and Wei Dynasty. Xu Yue said in the book:

Liu Huiji, erudite and biased towards mathematics? There are still many kinds of articulation, one of which is abacus. "The Liu Huiji that Xu Yue said is Liu Hong.

Some people say that Mengyin is the hometown of abacus, and Liu Hong is the father of abacus and is respected as a "saint of abacus". Abacus is one of China's five great inventions.

There is a beam through the abacus.

During the Song and Yuan dynasties, mathematicians represented by Yang Hui and Zhu Shijie created various simple methods of multiplication and division and "song formulas" in practical mathematics, which became an important part of abacus arithmetic algorithms. At the same time, the abacus with a beam through the file has been widely used in the people. Therefore, during this period, the abacus had further development in terms of both calculation tools and arithmetic algorithms.

When exactly did the modern abacus originate, due to the lack of literature, researchers on the history of abacus have different opinions, and they are inconsistent. Based on the inferences of various schools, there are mainly Han Dynasty theories, Tang Dynasty theories, Song Dynasty theories, and late Yuan and early Ming Dynasty theories.

The main basis for holding the theory of the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty is that the abacus is mentioned in the literary and dramatic works of the middle and late Yuan Dynasty. For example, in the sixteenth year of Yuan Shizu (1279 AD), Liu Yin had a five-character poem about abacus in his "Anthology of Mr. Jingxiu".

Question 1: In what century was the abacus invented? Who invented it ?

Abacus, a traditional Chinese calculation tool. An important invention in ancient China, it was a widely used calculation tool in the world before the advent of numbers. The abacus was invented by the Chinese on the basis of long-term use of the abacus, and it has a history of more than 2,600 years.

In ancient times, people used small wooden sticks to calculate, these small wooden sticks were called calculation chips, and calculations made with calculation chips as tools were called calculations. Later, with the development of production, the use of small wooden sticks for calculations was limited, so people invented a more advanced calculator - the abacus. Was there a settler in the era of the Yellow Emperor, or was there an "accountant" who could do so?

People today don't know about it. Legend has it that the abacus and arithmetic were invented by a man named Lishou under the Yellow Emperor. To this day, there is still a Chinese-style "* alphabet" invented when the head was first settled in the countryside.

Seniors over 80 years old can also write and use. The ten letters are written: @, a, b?

c、d?、e?、f?

g?, h, ten. For example, the way to write "?".

The writing method of two buckets and four liters is "eighteen zhang cloth writing" ten? ”；Three-foot-four-inch wood writing".

But it is impossible to investigate who invented the factual abacus.

Question 3: Which country invented the abacus China invented it.

The abacus is a traditional Chinese calculation tool. The invention of the Chinese on the basis of long-term use of arithmetic chips is an important invention in ancient China, and it was a widely used calculation tool in the world before the emergence of ** numbers.

Regarding the origin of the abacus, it is said that the earliest can be traced back to the end of the Han Dynasty and the third period, invented by Guan Yu, and it is said that China had an abacus at that time. The ancients strung 10 abacus beads into a group, arranged them in groups, put them into the frame, and then quickly dialed the abacus beads to calculate.

According to public information, the word "abacus" was first seen in the "Records of Mathematics" written by Xu Yue in the Eastern Han Dynasty, in which there is a cloud: "Abacus controls four times, and longitude and latitude are three talents." Zhen Luan of the Northern Zhou Dynasty made a note for this, to the effect that:

The wooden board is carved into three parts, the upper and lower parts are used for stopping the beads, and the middle part is used for positioning. Each person has 5 beads, and the upper bead and the lower four beads are distinguished by color, which is later called "file". One bead on the top is five, and four beads on the bottom are one for each bead.

Today's explanation is: the abacus is rectangular, with a thin rod embedded in the wooden frame, and there are abacus beads strung on the rod, and the abacus beads can be dialed up and down along the thin rod, and the arithmetic operation is completed by dialing the abacus beads by hand. [1]

In ancient times, people used small wooden sticks to calculate, these small wooden sticks were called calculation chips, and calculations made with calculation chips as tools were called calculations. Later, with the development of production, the use of small wooden sticks for calculations was limited, so people invented a more advanced calculation tool - the abacus.

In the Ming Dynasty, abacus could not only do addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, but also calculate the land area and the size of various shapes and things.