What is the chemical nature of sulfuric acid? What are the physical properties of sulfuric acid

Water absorption (concentrated) corrosive dehydration.

The physical properties of sulfuric acid are as follows:

1. Pure sulfuric acid is generally a colorless oily liquid with a density of cubic meters per gram and a boiling point of 337 degrees Celsius.

It can be miscible with water in any proportion, and at the same time release a large amount of heat, making water boil. When heated to 290 degrees Celsius, sulfur trioxide begins to be released.

Finally, it becomes an aqueous solution of 10% and boils at 317 degrees Celsius to become an azeotropic mixture.

2. The boiling point and viscosity of sulfuric acid are higher because of the strong hydrogen bonds inside its molecule. Due to the dielectric constant of sulfuric acid.

higher, so it is an electrolyte.

good solvent.

3. Pure sulfuric acid is a very polar liquid, and its dielectric coefficient is about 100. Because molecules can proton each other, resulting in extremely high electrical conductivity.

Differences in concentration:

Although concentrated and pure sulfuric acid can be produced and is infinitely stable at room temperature (the so-called reaction of decomposition into a constant boiling substance occurs at high temperatures close to the boiling point), the freezing point of pure sulfuric acid is pure.

Too high (, so in order to facilitate transportation, 98% sulfuric acid is usually made, so the general "high concentration of sulfuric acid" refers to the concentration of 98% sulfuric acid.

Sulfuric acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H2SO4, the most important oxygenated acid of sulfur. Pure sulfuric acid is a colorless, oily liquid, when crystallized, usually using its various concentrations of aqueous solutions, using the tower method and contact method. The former is obtained as crude dilute sulfuric acid, mass fraction.

Generally around 75%; The latter yields concentrated sulfuric acid in mass fraction.

Boiling point 338, relative density.

Properties: 1. It can react with most metals (more active than copper) and most metal oxides to generate sulfate and water that disturb the slag.

2. It can correspond to the acidic acidity of the acid ions contained in it.

Weak ions react with salts to produce the corresponding sulfate and weak acid.

3. It can react with alkali to generate corresponding sulfate and water.

4. It can react with the metal before hydrogen under certain conditions to generate the corresponding sulfate and hydrogen.

5. It can catalyze proteins and disaccharides under heating conditions.

and hydrolysis of polysaccharides.

6. It can interact with the indicator to make the purple litmus test solution red, and make the colorless phenolphthalein test solution.

No discoloration. The above content reference: Encyclopedia - sulfuric acid.

The properties of sulfuric acid are: water absorption, dehydration (commonly known as carbonization, that is, corrosive) and strongOxidationand other special properties. Replace H2 acid with metal and add metal and other salts to hydrogenate, generate metal salts with metal oxides and water acid plus metal oxides are equal to salt and water, neutralize with alkali, generate salt and water acid plus alkali is equal to salt and water, and metathesis reaction occurs with some salts.

The formation of new salts, the addition of salt to new acidic acid is equal to the addition of another acid to another salt.

Molar mass of sulfuric acid

Relative molecular weight of sulfuric acid is guessed.

is 98, numerically, when the molar mass unit is Hela g mol, the molar mass of sulfuric acid is equal to its relative molecular weight, so the molar mass of sulfuric acid is 98g mol.

Molar mass refers to the mass of 1 mole particle, which is the sum of the masses of particles in Afgadro's constant.

In grams, it is numerically equal to the relative atomic mass of the particle.

or relative molecular mass.

Sodium sulfate. The relative molecular mass of is 98, so its molar mass is 98 mol.

Molar mass is the mass of a substance divided by the amount of matter.

The unit is grams per mole, and the molar volume is the volume of the substance divided by the amount of the substance, and the unit is cubic meters per mole. Zen San.

The properties of sulfur-buried acids are as follows:

1. Physical properties.

Pure sulfuric acid is generally a colorless oily liquid with a density of g cm and a boiling point of 337, which can be miscible with water in any proportion, and at the same time release a large amount of heat to make the water boil. When heated to 290, sulfur trioxide is released.

Finally, it becomes an aqueous solution that boils at 317 and becomes an azeotropic mixture. The high boiling point and viscosity of sulfuric acid are due to the strong hydrogen bonds inside its molecules.

2. Chemical properties.

Pure sulfuric acid is heated to 290 minutes to release part of the sulfur trioxide, until the concentration of acid drops, then the sulfuric acid is a constant boiling solution liquid with a boiling point of 338 °C. Anhydrous sulfuric acid embodies acidity is the ability to give protons, pure sulfuric acid is still very acidic, 98% sulfuric acid is basically no different from pure sulfuric acid, and dissolved sulfur trioxide oleum.

It is a superacid system, which is more acidic than pure sulfuric acid.

Sulfuric acid dehydration

Dehydration refers to concentrated sulfuric acid.

Removal of non-free water molecules.

Or according to the ratio of hydrogen and oxygen atom composition of water, remove the hydrogen and oxygen elements in organic matter.

process. As far as sulfuric acid is concerned, dehydration is the property of concentrated sulfuric acid, not dilute sulfuric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid is dehydrated and very dehydrated, and it is removed according to the composition ratio of water when removing the spike water.

The process of dehydration of a substance by concentrated sulfuric acid is a chemical change, during which the concentrated sulfuric acid captures the hydrogen atoms in the dehydrated substance according to the ratio of the number of hydroxides in the water molecule (2:1).

and oxygen atoms or remove non-free crystalline water, such as copper sulfate pentahydrate.

cuso4·5h2o)。

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - sulfuric acid.

The properties of sulfuric acid are: pure sulfuric acid is generally a colorless oily liquid, with a density of g cm and a boiling point of 337, which can be miscible with water in any proportion, and at the same time release a large amount of heat to make the water boil. When heated to 290, sulfur trioxide is released.

Eventually, it becomes an aqueous solution, which boils at 317 and becomes an azeotropic mixture.

Sulfuric acid is an important industrial raw material, which can be used to make fertilizers, medicines, explosives, pigments, detergents, batteries, etc., and is also widely used in purifying petroleum, metal smelting and dyes.

and other industries in Xiangyan. It is often used as a chemical reagent and can be used as a dehydrating agent and sulfonating agent in organic synthesis.

Sulfuric acid is used in the metallurgical industry and in the production of non-ferrous metals, especially in the metallurgical industry. For example, when refining copper, zinc, cadmium, and nickel by electrolysis, electrolyte.

It is necessary to use sulfuric acid, and some refining also requires sulfuric acid to dissolve other metals that are inclusional.

In the steel industry, iron oxides must be removed from the surface of steel with sulphuric acid before cold rolling, cold drawing and stamping.

Rolled sheets, cold-drawn seamless steel pipes and other steels with high quality requirements must be washed with sulfuric acid every time they are rolled. In addition, seamed steel pipes, thin iron sheets, iron wires, etc. are pickled with sulfuric acid before galvanizing.

The properties of sulfuric acid are as follows:

Sulfuric acid (chemical formula H2SO4) is a common inorganic compound with strong oxidizing and corrosive properties. The following describes the macro-taking properties of sulfuric acid from the aspects of morphology, liquid state and solid state.

1.Form of sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid is a colorless, dense, oily liquid with a very strong sulfuric acid smell. At room temperature, concentrated sulfuric acid has a density of approximately and is one of the densest of many chemicals. In addition, concentrated sulfuric acid is also hygroscopic, meaning that it can absorb moisture from the surrounding air, causing its concentration to decrease.

2.Liquid nature of sulfuric acid

1) Concentrated sulfuric acid can react quickly with water and emit a strong white smoke. This is because a violent reaction of exothermic interthermy occurs between the two, which is even capable of boiling the mixture violently.

2) It cannot react directly with alkalis, but forms metal salts with metal oxides. This metal salt is called sulfate.

3) It has strong acidity and can strongly corrode non-metals.

4) It can be used as a dehydrating agent, which can pump out the water in many organic compounds and generate a lot of heat.

3.Solid nature of sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid can solidify at low temperatures into a colorless and transparent crystal, called copper sulfate. Compared with liquid sulfuric acid, copper sulfate is relatively less corrosive and oxidizing, but still has strong hygroscopicity.

In addition, due to the strong oxidizing and corrosive nature of sulfuric acid, it needs to be used correctly in chemical experiments and industrial production. When operating, you need to be careful and cautious, and you must wear protective clothing or gloves with strong protection to avoid causing harm to the human body. At the same time, sulfuric acid needs to be stored in specific containers, and contact with other chemicals should be avoided to avoid chemical reactions.