What are the uses of semiconductors? What are the uses of semiconductors?

Uses of semiconductors:

with semiconductor materials.

The made components, integrated circuits, etc. are important basic products in the electronics industry, and have been widely used in all aspects of electronic technology. The production and scientific research of semiconductor materials, devices and integrated circuits have become an important part of the electronics industry. In terms of new product development and new technology development, the more important areas are:

1. Integrated circuits.

It is one of the most active areas in the development of semiconductor technology and has developed to the stage of large-scale integration. Tens of thousands of transistors can be made on a few square millimeters of silicon wafers, and a micro-information processor can be made on a silicon wafer, or other more complex circuit functions can be completed. The development direction of integrated circuits is to achieve higher integration and micropower consumption, and to enable information processing speed to reach the microsecond level.

2. Microwave devices.

Semiconductor microwave devices include receiving, controlling, and transmitting devices. Receiver devices below the millimeter wave band are widely used. In the centimeter band, the power of transmitting devices has reached several watts, and people are developing new devices and new technologies to obtain greater output power.

3. Optoelectronic devices.

The development of semiconductor luminescence, camera devices, and laser devices has made optoelectronic devices an important field. Their application scope is mainly optical communication, digital display, image reception, optical integration, etc.

Definition: Semiconductor, refers to the conductivity of conductors and insulators at room temperature.

insulator).

Classification: According to the chemical composition, it can be divided into two categories: elemental semiconductors and compound semiconductors. Germanium and silicon are the most commonly used elemental semiconductors; Compound semiconductors include group and group compounds (gallium arsenide.

gallium phosphide, etc.), group and group compounds (cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide.

etc.), oxides (oxides of manganese, chromium, iron, copper), and solid solutions consisting of - and - compounds.

gallium-aluminum-arsenic, gallium-arsenic-phosphorus, etc.).

According to its manufacturing technology, it can be divided into: integrated circuit devices, discrete devices.

Optoelectronic semiconductors, logic ICs, analog ICs, memories and other large categories, generally speaking, these will be divided into subcategories. In addition, there are methods to classify by application field, design method, etc., and although they are not commonly used, they are classified by IC, LSI, VLSI (very large LSI), and their size. In addition, there are methods that can be divided into analog, digital, analog-digital mixture, and function according to the signal they process.

Characteristics: Semiconductor five characteristics: doping, thermal sensitivity, photosensitivity, negative resistivity, temperature characteristics, rectification characteristics.

Objects such as germanium, silicon, selenium, gallium arsenide, and many metal oxides and metal sulfides, whose conductivity is between conductors and insulators, are called semiconductors.

Semiconductors have some special properties. For example, the relationship between the resistivity and temperature of semiconductors can be used to make thermistors (thermistors) for automatic control; Its photosensitive characteristics can be used to make photosensitive elements for automatic control, such as photocells, photocells and photoresistors.

Semiconductors also have one of the most important properties, and if trace impurities are properly incorporated into pure semiconductor substances, their conductivity will increase millions of times. This characteristic can be used to manufacture a variety of semiconductor devices for different purposes, such as semiconductor diodes, transistors, etc.

When one side of a semiconductor is made into a p-type region and the other side is made into an n-type region, a thin layer with special properties is formed near the junction, which is generally called a p-n junction. The upper part of the figure shows the diffusion of carriers at the interface between p-type semiconductors and n-type semiconductors (indicated by black arrows). The middle part shows the formation process of the p-n junction, indicating that the diffusion of the carriers is greater than the drift (indicated by a blue arrow, and a red arrow indicates the direction of the built-in electric field).

The lower part is the formation of the PN junction. Represents the dynamic equilibrium of diffusion and drift.

Semiconductors are mainly used in integrated circuits, consumer electronics, communication systems, photovoltaic power generation, lighting applications, high-power power conversion and other fields. Semiconductor is a kind of material whose conductivity is between conductor and insulator at room temperature, and semiconductors are very important in science and technology and economic development.

What are the uses of semiconductors?

Semiconductors are widely used materials in our daily life, it affects people's daily work and life, and its uses are very wide, mainly in integrated circuits, consumer electronics, communication systems, photovoltaic power generation, lighting applications, high-power power conversion and other fields.

Semiconductors are the basic principle of solar cell operation in photovoltaic applications, and the photovoltaic applications of semiconductor materials are a hot topic; In lighting applications, semiconductor light sources with LED technology are high-quality lighting sources; SiC semiconductor device is a power supply replacement device used in the occasion of high power density and switching frequency.

Classification of semiconductors

There are many types of semiconductors, such as elemental semiconductors, inorganic synthetic semiconductors, organic synthetic semiconductors, amorphous semiconductors, and intrinsic semiconductors. Among them, silicon and germanium have the best performance and are the most widely used in elemental semiconductors; Amorphous semiconductors are mainly used in solar cells and liquid crystal displays.

Whether from the perspective of technology or economic development, the importance of semiconductors is very huge. The core unit of most electronic products, such as computers, mobile** or digital voice recorders, is closely related to semiconductors.

The earliest practical "semiconductor" was the "transistor" diode.

1.It is used as a "signal amplifier rectifier" in radio and television.

Second, the development of "solar power generation" is also used for "solar cells".

3.Semiconductors can be used to measure temperature, and the temperature measurement range can reach 70% of production, life, medical treatment, scientific research, teaching and other fields. It has high precision and stability, and the resolution can be reached, even.

It is not impossible that linearity, temperature measurement range -100 +300 . It is a cost-effective temperature measuring element.

Fourth, the development of semiconductor refrigeratorsSemiconductor refrigerators are also called thermoelectric refrigerators or temperature difference refrigerators, which use the Peltier effect.

What are the main application fields of semiconductor chips?

1. New energy field:

In the field of renewable energy, it plays an extremely important role in connecting wind and solar power to the grid and reducing transmission losses; Emerging fields such as green energy, electric vehicles, and green electronic lighting are becoming new hot spots for power device market applications, with strong demand.

2. Information and communication equipment field:

Enhanced GaN transistors exhibit high radiation resistance, making them suitable for power and communication systems for communications and scientific satellites; Point-to-point communications, satellite communications, a variety of radars, and new industrial and medical applications will all benefit from the application of these high-power GaN devices.

C industry: the main domestic IT products will still maintain a strong market demand, notebook computers, monitors, printers, televisions, combined audio, laser disc players and other traditional products and emerging automotive electronics will maintain steady growth in the future. With the transfer of global production capacity of electronic products such as air conditioners and energy-saving motors to Chinese mainland, the demand for power semiconductors will also increase exponentially.

4. Smart grid field:

Power semiconductors play a vital role in improving the energy efficiency of the entire power chain, from power generation, transmission and distribution, to final consumption.