What are the properties of semiconductors and what are the full types of semiconductors?

Photosensitivity, heat sensitivity, doping, I study electronics. It's as simple as that, these three features.

Objects such as germanium, silicon, selenium, gallium arsenide, and many metal oxides and metal sulfides, whose conductivity is between conductors and insulators, are called semiconductors.

Semiconductors have some special properties. For example, the relationship between the resistivity and temperature of semiconductors can be used to make thermistors (thermistors) for automatic control; Its photosensitive characteristics can be used to make photosensitive elements for automatic control, such as photocells, photocells and photoresistors.

Semiconductors also have one of the most important properties, and if trace impurities are properly incorporated into pure semiconductor substances, their conductivity will increase millions of times. This characteristic can be used to manufacture a variety of semiconductor devices for different purposes, such as semiconductor diodes, transistors, etc.

When one side of a semiconductor is made into a p-type region and the other side is made into an n-type region, a thin layer with special properties is formed near the junction, which is generally called a p-n junction. The upper part of the figure shows the diffusion of carriers at the interface between p-type semiconductors and n-type semiconductors (indicated by black arrows). The middle part shows the formation process of the p-n junction, indicating that the diffusion of the carriers is greater than the drift (indicated by a blue arrow, and a red arrow indicates the direction of the built-in electric field).

The lower part is the formation of the PN junction. Represents the dynamic equilibrium of diffusion and drift.

All types of semiconductors include silicon, germanium, selenium, etc., with silicon and germanium being the most widely used.

Commonly used semiconductor materials are divided into elemental semiconductors and compound semiconductors. Binary compound semiconductors include - group (such as gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, indium phosphide, etc.), group (such as cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, zinc telluride, zinc sulfide, etc.), group (such as lead sulfide, lead selenide, etc.), group (such as silicon carbide) compounds.

Semiconductors are used in integrated circuits, consumer electronics, communication systems, photovoltaic power generation, lighting, high-power power conversion and other fields, such as diodes are devices made of semiconductors.

Whether from the perspective of technology or economic development, the importance of semiconductors is very huge. The core unit of most electronic products, such as computers, mobile** or digital voice recorders, is closely related to semiconductors.

There are four categories: integrated circuits, discrete devices, sensors and optoelectronic devices.

According to the internationally accepted standard method of semiconductor production and combustion products, semiconductors can be divided into four categories: integrated circuits, discrete devices, sensors and optoelectronic devices, which can be collectively referred to as semiconductor components.

Semiconductor process:

Semiconductor process refers to a complete set of skin-return process system formed according to scientific theory and production practice research from raw materials to finished semiconductor devices.

The basic knowledge of semiconductor process mainly includes the knowledge of process flow, component preparation, packaging and testing.

The process includes on-chip process, component packaging, system packaging and testing, etc.

Component preparation includes integrated circuit packaging, perforation, surface treatment, etc. The packaging types cover plastic packaging, metal packaging, etc. The test types include closed-state performance test, hot pressing test, capacitance test, etc.

It includes knowledge of materials science, physics, chemistry, electronics, and microelectronic processes that enable the manufacture of high-performance semiconductor products. <>

As an important part of modern electronic technology, semiconductors have a wide range of applications in the fields of electronics, optoelectronics, and energy.

Semiconductors are substances that sit between conductor and insulator agitation and have the following properties:

The electrical conductivity of a semiconductor is between a conductor and an insulator and varies with temperature. When the temperature increases, the resistance decreases and the conductivity increases, while when the temperature decreases, the opposite is true.

The conductive collapse of semiconductors is related to the doping of materials. Impurities (e.g. phosphorus, boron, etc.) are doped in its atomic lattice, enabling the formation of different material types. There are many types of doping, among which the main ones are n-type doping and p-type doping.

Under a certain forward voltage, the current of the semiconductor increases exponentially; Whereas, at the reverse voltage, the current is very small, similar to the properties of an insulator.

Under certain conditions, semiconductors have the property of producing light (i.e., emitting light), which is known as the electroluminescence (EL) effect. For example, in LEDs, when electrons flow through a semiconductor, it releases energy and causes light emitting.

Semiconductor devices can be used to make semiconductor circuits (IC circuits), which are a fundamental part of modern electronics.

Semiconductors that rely mainly on conduction band electrons to conduct electricity are called n-type semiconductors, that is, electron-type semiconductors. Semiconductors that rely primarily on hole conduction are called p-type semiconductors, that is, hole-type semiconductors.

With the left-hand rule, the direction of the magnetic field passes through the palm of the hand, the direction of the four fingers is the direction of the current, the thumb is the direction of the electric field, and the thumb points to the side of the negative charge. If the direction is exactly the opposite, it is an n-type semiconductor, which is also an electronic type.

Semiconductors are materials that have electrical conductivity between conductors and insulators at room temperature. Semiconductors are used in integrated circuits, consumer electronics, communication systems, non-combustion photovoltaic power generation, lighting, high-power power conversion and other fields, such as diodes are devices made of semiconductors. Whether from the perspective of science and technology or economic development, the importance of semiconductors is not unusually great.