Centrifuge principle Translate it

A centrifuge is a machine that uses centrifugal force to separate components in a mixture of liquid and solid particles or liquid and liquid. Centrifuges are mainly used to separate solid particles in suspension from liquids, or to separate two immiscible liquids of different densities in an emulsion, e.g. to separate cream from milk.

Centrifuges can also be used to remove liquids from wet solids, such as using a washing machine to dry wet clothes; The special superspeed tubular separator also separates gas mixtures of different densities; Taking advantage of the different sedimentation rates of solid particles of different densities or particle sizes in liquids, some sedimentation centrifuges can also classify solid particles according to density or particle size.

Centrifuges are widely used in chemical, petroleum, food, pharmaceutical, mineral processing, coal, water treatment and shipbuilding sectors.

The main principle of the filter centrifuge is to accelerate the liquid phase in the solid-liquid mixture out of the bowl through the centrifugal force generated by the centrifugal drum running at high speed (with appropriate filter media), and leave the solid phase in the bowl to achieve the effect of separating solid and liquid, or commonly known as the effect of dehydration.

The main principle of the sedimentation centrifuge is to accelerate the sedimentation rate of different specific gravity components (solid phase or liquid phase) in the mixture through the strong centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of the rotor, and to separate the substances with different sedimentation coefficients and buoyancy densities in the sample.

The choice of centrifuge is based on the size and concentration of solid particles in the suspension (or emulsion), the density difference between the solid and the liquid (or both), the viscosity of the liquid, and the characteristics of the filter residue (or sediment).

The principle of the centrifugeThe principle of the centrifuge is to rotate the rotor of the centrifuge at high speed to generate a relatively strong centrifugal force, and then accelerate the sedimentation of the fine particles in the liquid, so as to realize the separation of the liquid and the fine particles.

Introduction to centrifugesA centrifuge is a machine that separates components in a mixture of liquid and solid particles or liquid and liquid. In industry, centrifuges were first born in Europe, and later after continuous development, there are more and more types of centrifuges. Centrifuges can be classified according to speed, operation mode, slag discharge mode, etc., which can be divided into normal speed centrifuge, high-speed centrifuge and ultra-high-speed centrifuge according to the speed.

Centrifuge principle:

When a suspension containing fine particles is stationary, the suspended particles gradually sink due to the gravitational field. The heavier the particles, the faster they sink, while the particles that are less dense than the liquid float up.

The speed of movement of particles in a gravitational field is related to the size, shape, and density of the particles, as well as the strength of the gravitational field and the viscosity of the liquid. Under the usual force of gravity, particles the size of red blood cells with a diameter of a few microns can be observed.

Also, when a substance settles in a medium, it is accompanied by diffusion. Diffusion is unconditional and absolute. Inversely proportional to the mass of the diffused substance, the smaller the particles, the more severe the diffusion. Settlement is relative, conditional, and can only be promoted by external forces.

Proportional to the weight of the settled object, the larger the particles, the faster they will settle. For particles smaller than a few microns, such as viruses or proteins, which are in a colloidal or semicolloidal state in solution, the sedimentation process cannot be observed by gravity alone. Because the smaller the particles, the slower the sedimentation and the more severe the diffusion phenomenon.

Therefore, a centrifuge is required to generate a strong centrifugal force to force these particles to overcome diffusion and produce sedimentation motion.

Centrifugation is the use of the centrifuge rotor to rotate at a high speed to accelerate the sedimentation rate of particles in the liquid, and to separate substances with different sedimentation coefficients and buoyancy densities in the sample.

The working principle of a centrifuge is a machine that uses centrifugal force to separate the components of a liquid mixture from a solid particle or a mixture of liquid and liquid.

Centrifugation is to use the powerful centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of the centrifuge rotor to accelerate the sedimentation speed of particles in the liquid and separate the substances with different sedimentation coefficients and buoyancy densities in the sample.

The role of the centrifuge is as follows:

1. Separate the solid particles in suspension from the liquid.

2. Separate two liquids with different densities and immiscible liquids in the emulsion (e.g. separating cream from milk).

3. To remove the liquid in the wet solid, the special ultra-speed tube separator can also separate gas mixtures of different densities.

4. Taking advantage of the different sedimentation rates of solid particles of different densities or particle sizes in liquids, some sedimentation centrifuges can also classify solid particles according to density or particle size.

Precautions for using centrifuges:

1. In order to ensure safety and centrifugation effect, the instrument must be placed on a solid and horizontal table, no items shall be placed on the engineering plastic cover door, the sample must be placed symmetrically, and the nut must be tightened before turning on the machine.

2. Before use, check whether the rotor has scars, corrosion and other phenomena, and at the same time check the centrifugal cup for cracks, aging, and filial piety, etc., and stop using it immediately if there is any doubt, and contact the factory, please be sure to tighten the compression nut of the rotor before starting the operation, so as to avoid accidents caused by the high-speed rotating rotor flying out.

3. The speed setting shall not exceed the maximum speed to ensure the safe operation of the machine.

4. If there are other numbers in use, the machine is not running, it should be turned off and powered off, and the machine should be restarted after 10 seconds.

5.If the specific gravity of the separated sample exceeds the gram cubic centimeter, the maximum speed n must be corrected as follows: n = nmax * sample specific gravity 1 2, nmax = rotor limit speed. <>

Natural stratification occurs when a mixture of liquids with different densities is left to stand.

Centrifuge is a kind of separation machinery, its function is to separate the mixture of solid and liquid (liquid and liquid), so as to obtain solid and liquid (or liquid and liquid) respectively, the working principle of the centrifuge is to put a mixture of different densities after standing still, there will be natural stratification phenomenon, the solid will generally settle to the bottom layer, and the upper layer will form a clear liquid.

Scope of use of centrifuges:

1. Laboratory centrifuge, the speed can reach 30,000 rpm, suitable for experimental analysis of small centrifuges, can separate suspension or emulsion.

2. Three-legged centrifuge, with a speed of about 3000 revolutions per minute, is used for solid-liquid separation, and is now widely used in all walks of life.

3. Butterfly separator, the speed can reach 4000 to 10000 revolutions per minute, which can be used for solid-liquid separation and liquid-liquid separation, so it can be used in a variety of industries (such as: pharmaceutical rock imitation industry, dairy industry, chemical industry, etc.).

4. Horizontal spiral centrifuge, the speed of crude fiber is generally 2500 to 6000 rpm, separating suspension, often used to treat sewage.

5. Tubular centrifuge, with a speed of up to 13,000 to 30,000 revolutions per minute, has GQ (clarified type, mainly separating suspension) and GF (separated type, mainly suitable for liquid-liquid separation), which can be used for sewage treatment and oil separation. <>

The working principle of the centrifuge is the phenomenon of stratification of mixed liquids.

A centrifuge is a separation machine. Its function is to separate the mixture of solid and liquid (liquid and liquid), so as to obtain solid and liquid (or liquid and liquid) respectively.

The working principle of the centrifuge is that a mixture of liquids with different densities will naturally stratify after standing, and the solids will generally settle to the bottom layer, while the upper layer will form a clear liquid. Stratification relies on the gravitational acceleration of the earth, and in order to adapt to the needs of industrial production, people need to separate certain mixtures faster and more, so that centrifuges are produced.

The range of use of common centrifuges is debated.

1. Laboratory centrifuge, the speed can reach 30,000 rpm, suitable for experimental analysis of small centrifuges, can separate suspension or emulsion.

2. Three-legged centrifuge: the speed is about 3000 revolutions per minute, which is used for solid-liquid separation, and is now widely used in all walks of life.

3. Decanter spiral centrifuge: the speed is generally 2500-6000 rpm, separating suspension, often used to treat sewage.

4. Butterfly separator: the speed can reach 4000-10000 rpm, which can be used for solid-liquid separation and liquid-liquid separation, so it can be used in a variety of industries. <>