How to tell the difference between lymphoma and how to tell the difference between lymphoma and lymp

There are many diseases that actually need to be differentiated from lymphoma, because lymphoma does not have a special, very specific manifestation, so you may have to make necessary differentiation according to the different sites of its origin; If we see swollen lymph nodes or a mass in a parenchymal organ that has no other reason to explain it, we must recommend that the patient undergo histopathological examination.

Malignant lymphoma is a large class of tumors with considerable heterogeneity, although it is more likely to occur in lymph nodes, but due to the distribution characteristics of the lymphatic system, lymphoma is a systemic disease and can invade almost any tissue and organ in the body. Therefore, the clinical manifestations of malignant lymphoma not only have certain common characteristics, but also have great differences according to different pathological types, invasion sites and extents.

First, it is different from other diseases of lymphadenopathy, local lymphadenopathy, lymphadenitis and malignant tumor metastasis need to be excluded, tuberculous lymphadenitis, mostly confined to both sides of the neck, can be fused with each other, adhesion with surrounding tissues, and in the late stage, due to softening and ulceration, and the formation of sinus tracts.

Second, lymphoma with fever as the main manifestation needs to be distinguished from tuberculosis, sepsis, connective tissue disease, necrotizing lymphadenitis and malignant histiocytosis.

Third, extranodal lymphoma should be distinguished from other malignant tumors of the corresponding organs.

Fourth, 2S cells are of great value for the histopathological diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma, but in recent years, it has been reported that 2S cells can be seen in infectious mononucleosis, connective tissue disease, and other malignant tumors. Thus, in the absence of other histologic changes in Hodgkin lymphoma, the presence of 2S cells alone does not confirm the diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma.

Lymphoma is the so-called lymphoma, strictly speaking, it should be said to be malignant lymphoma, which can be divided into two categories: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. There are four types of Hodgkin lymphoma, nodular-sclerotic, lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin lymphoma, mixed-cell, and lymphocytopenized. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is divided into T-cell, B-cell and NK T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, with B-cell type accounting for about 70-80 of the total number and is a highly probable lymphoma.

Lymphoma is mainly divided into Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and the main tests include blood routine, B-ultrasound, CT, etc.

Here's what I looked for online. Look at it.

1) Local manifestations.

1) Lymphadenopathy: including superficial and deep lymph nodes, which is characterized by progressive, hard, multi-pushable, non-adhesion to each other in the early stage, fusion in the late stage, anti-inflammatory, anti-tuberculosis ** ineffective. Superficial lymph nodes are more common in the neck, followed by the axillary and ventral sulcus.

In the deep part, mediastinum and para-abdominal aorta are more common.

2) Symptoms of local compression caused by swollen lymph nodes: mainly refers to deep lymph nodes, such as enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes, which compress the esophagus and cause dysphagia; compression of the superior vena cava causes superior vena cava syndrome; Compression of the trachea causes coughing, chest tightness, dyspnea and cyanosis.

2) Systemic symptoms.

1) Fever: The heat type is more irregular, between 38-39C for many years, some patients can have continuous high fever, can also have intermittent low fever, and a few have periodic fever.

2) Emaciation: Most patients have weight loss, losing more than 10% of their original body weight within 6 months.

3) Night sweats: sweating at night or after falling asleep.

3) Extranodal lesions.

Lymphoma can invade all tissues and organs throughout the body. For example, hepatosplenic infiltration causes hepatic plaque enlargement; gastrointestinal infiltrates cause abdominal pain, bloating, intestinal obstruction, and bleeding; pulmonary and pleural infiltrates cause cough and pleural effusion; bone infiltration causes bone pain, pathological fractures; **Infiltration causes**itching, subcutaneous nodules; infiltration of the tonsils and mouth, nose, and pharynx causes dysphagia, nasal congestion, and nasal buttons; Nervous system infiltration causes spinal cord compression, cranial neuropathy, and more. Once you have these signs and symptoms, you should go to the hospital for a check-up to determine if you have lymphoma.

Don't doubt and judge here, go to the hospital to find a doctor and take a color ultrasound.

1.Complete blood count and blood smear.

The blood routine is generally normal, but chronic anemia may be combined; HL may have increased PLT, increased WBC, and eosinophilia; Aggressive NHL invasion of the bone marrow may result in anemia, decreased WBC and PLT, and lymphoma cells in peripheral blood.

2.Bone marrow smear and biopsy.

HL is rare for bone marrow involvement. NHL invaded the bone marrow, and lymphoma cells could be seen on the bone marrow smear, with large cell volume, rich chromatin, gray-blue, and obvious abnormal morphology, and "tailing phenomenon" could be seen; 20% of lymphoma cells are lymphoma leukemia; Bone marrow biopsy shows lymphoma cell aggregation and infiltration. In some patients, hemophagocytosis and hemophagocytosis can be seen on bone marrow smear, which is more common in T cell NHL.

3.Blood biochemistry.

Elevated LDH is associated with tumor burden and is an indicator of poor prognosis. HL may have an increased ESR and an increased ALP.

4.Cerebrospinal fluid examination.

Patients with intermediate-to-highly aggressive NHL clinical stage III and IV may have central nervous system involvement, or those with central nervous system symptoms should undergo cerebrospinal fluid examination, which is characterized by increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure, increased biochemical protein amount, increased number of conventional cells, mononucleus, and lymphoma cells can be found on pathological examination or flow cytometry.

5.Histopathological examination.

The basic pathomorphological changes in HL are diagnostic R-S cells and their variant cells in a mixed proliferative background of multiple inflammatory cells. Immunohistochemistry characteristics: classical CD15+, CD30+, CD25+; Nodular lymphocyte-dominated CD19+, CD20+, EMA+, CD15-, lymph node or histopathology shows the destruction of normal lymph nodes or tissue structure, and tumor cells are scattered or diffuse infiltration, which have their own unique pathological manifestations and immunophenotypes according to different pathological types.

or IgH gene rearrangement.

May be positive.

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1. Immunocompromised such as AIDS, organ transplantation, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.;

2. Viral infections such as HTLV, HIV, EPSTEIN-B virus, etc.;

3. Chemical carcinogens such as pesticides and hair dyes;

4. Others such as radiation exposure and after Hochkin's disease**, etc.

Long-term dietary structure, living habits and other factors cause excessive acidification of the physique, and the overall function of the human body declines rapidly, causing kidney deficiency, liver and kidney homology, kidney deficiency and liver deficiency, which in turn causes the body's metabolic circulation to slow down, blood and gas stagnation, and the body produces a large amount of acidic garbage. At this time, some endogenous diseases will appear, and a large amount of acidic waste will accumulate in the lymphoid tissue cell system, and then the tissue cells will become cancerous.

Because of the acidification of body tissues, lymphoid tissue cells are in acidic body fluids, and then the dissolved oxygen content of lymphoid tissue cells decreases, resulting in a decrease in cell activity, slowing down the metabolic cycle, and when it drops to 65% of the normal value, normal cells cannot survive, but there are also cells that do not hesitate to change chromosomes to take active mutations, the phenotype of cells changes, tumor traits are expressed, and these cells expand rapidly, thus forming a real tumor entity.

In addition, there are cancers of other tissues in the body due to the acidification of the body, and the acidification of lymphoid tissue cells due to the decline of the function of the lymphoid tissue cell system, and the cancer cells take advantage of the deficiency to enter, resulting in lymphoma.

If you want to be quick and make a final judgment authoritatively, it is a biopsy. It is to cut a lymph node for pathological biopsy.

However, patients generally do not need a biopsy.

Lymph nodes do not become inflamed and swollen for no reason, they are all caused by inflammation (such as inflammation, wounds, etc.) in their vicinity. If there is this inflammation nearby, then the disease of the lymph node is ordinary lymphadenitis. Staying up late, tiredness, anxiety and anger can also be caused.

In addition, if you push it with your fingers, if it has good mobility, and if the lymph node is not adhered to the surrounding ** and muscles, it is also lymphadenitis. It's not lymph node tuberculosis, and it's not a big disease like cancer or tumor that you are worried about, and you don't need to do such and such instrument examinations. The distinction between common lymphatic diseases and lymphoma can also be distinguished from the length of time:

Lymphadenitis and lymph node tuberculosis can exist for many years, but the support time of lymphoma will not last long (the respectable and amiable Luo Jing, the country's top expert consultation**, from the onset of the disease to the death of only 10 months. )

Lymph node regularity: Wherever there is inflammation in the body, the adjacent lymph nodes will swell when they are defended and sterilized. After the inflammation is cured, the lymph nodes may not be better.

Lymph nodes, which are the immune system, are difficult to treat, and some chronic lymphadenitis can last for several years or more than ten years.

If the lymphadenopathy is mild, after a while, it will naturally get better; Or take some anti-inflammatory drugs in the ordinary sense, and take some anti-inflammatory injections, it will be fine. That's not a big deal. But if the swelling is severe, and the inflammation is not healed for a long time, then you need traditional Chinese medicine**:

One is to avoid its further aggravation and deterioration, and the other is that the body needs to restore its function, exert its immune bactericidal effect, and enhance physical fitness.

Lymphatic diseases seem to be a small disease, but so far the effects of drugs produced in hospitals and pharmaceutical factories have not been satisfactory. Chinese medicine can be fully considered. It is treated with traditional Chinese medicine pills that dispel stasis and dissolve knots, detoxify and reduce swelling, and target pimples, lumps and inflammation.

If you find the right one, it will not be difficult. Due to my work, the author is well aware of the charm of traditional Chinese medicine, and has witnessed a large number of typical cases of lymphadenitis and lymph node tuberculosis that have been treated by traditional Chinese medicine, which has verified the uniqueness of traditional Chinese medicine in the motherland.

Lymphoma and lymphoma are not the same. Lymphoma is called malignant lymphoma and is found in the lymphatic blood system; Malignant tumors are generally named according to tissues, such as malignant tumors that occur in epithelial tissues are called carcinoma, cancer cells invade lymphatic vessels from the primary site, reach lymph nodes through lymphatic vessels and lymphatic channels, and continue to grow and stagnate. Secondary lymphoma refers to other solid tumors, such as lung cancer, that have metastasized to the lymph nodes.

Lymphoma and lymphoma are not the same, such as lymphoma is divided into T-cell lymphoma and B-cell lymphoma, from histopathology, the types of lymphoma can be subdivided into hundreds, and there are various methods, including chemotherapy, targeting, immunity and anti-angiogenic disease, lymphoma is most commonly B-cell lymphoma, B-cell lymphoma is most commonly diffuse large B lymphoma, diffuse large B is divided into subtypes, such as **in the germinal center and not **in the germinal center, There are also lymphomas that can be divided into aggressive lymphoma and indolent lymphoma according to the degree of malignancy. In addition, in addition to T-cell lymphoma and B-cell lymphoma, there is also a division of lymphoma called Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and their methods are also different.