The Junda system produced the time process of disintegration

The Juntian system was promulgated and implemented by Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty in 485 AD, and played a positive role in the restoration and development of agriculture.

It was created in 485 AD, a feudal dynasty that divided some ownerless land equally among the peasants according to the population.

The Juntian system was born in October of the 9th year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and the Juntian system reunited the free labor force with Shidi.

In order to heal the wounds of the war, Tang Taizong implemented a policy of rest and recuperation, did not take away the agricultural time, implemented the equalization of land system, and lightly punished the meager endowment. He repeatedly emphasized the idea of "preserving the people".

In the equalization system, the land is granted to the male and is divided into two systems: one is the public field, which is called the mouth division field; The other is private land, which is called Yongye field. Moreover, the land equalization system is a compromise system between public and private ownership of land, the purpose of which is to stop land annexation and increase taxes, and encourage the people to reclaim land.

Men over the age of 10 are granted 40 acres of open fields and 20 acres for women. 2. Those who receive the field for the first time shall plant mulberry, jujube, elm and other trees within 3 years. 3. Mulberry field is calculated according to the existing Dingkou.

4. The whole family is old and disabled, and those over 11 years old and disabled people each receive half of the land of Ding Men. 5. In places where the land is narrow, residents can migrate to the empty areas to receive fields. 6. Local officials at all levels shall be granted different amounts of public land (post division fields) according to the level of their official positions, and they shall be transferred to the later officials when they leave their posts.

1. All men over the age of 15 shall be granted 40 acres of open fields for growing grains and 20 acres for women. The open fields are all ownerless wasteland, because of the consideration of fallow rotation, so when the field is granted, it is generally increased by one or two times according to the fallow cycle, also known as "double field". Those who owned slaves and slaves and ploughing cattle were given additional land, and slaves and maids received land in the same way as ordinary peasants, and the land belonged to the owner; Ding cattle (over 4 years old) are subject to 30 acres of exposed fields per head, and a household is limited to 4 heads.

The land received was not allowed to be bought and sold, and he died of old age, and the land was returned to the government. 2. For those who receive the field for the first time, each man will be granted another 20 acres of mulberry field, and the prescribed mulberry, jujube, elm and other trees shall be planted within 3 years. Mulberry fields can be used as hereditary fields, which are not returned for life, and can be hereditary, but they are restricted from buying and selling.

In areas where it is not suitable to plant mulberry, each man is given another 10 acres of hemp field, and the woman is given 5 acres, and the slaves and maids are also given the field, and they are also repaid according to the open field law. Newly settled households can also be allocated a small amount of homestead land, one mu for every three families, and one mu for five slaves and maids, and the homestead land is also a hereditary property. 3. Mulberry field is calculated according to the existing Dingkou.

Those who have a surplus must sell their surplus, and those who are insufficient must buy what they have not enough, and they must not sell their share, nor do they buy more than they have. "The mulberry field is a world business, and it is allowed to buy and sell a part of it. The original mulberry field has exceeded the number of fields that should be granted, and "there is no acceptance and no return"; Those who have reached the quota shall not be allowed to receive it again; If the amount is exceeded, it can be sold; If the quota is insufficient, you can buy enough.

4. If the whole family is old and disabled, and those over 11 years old and those who are disabled receive half of the land of the men, and those who are over 70 years old do not return the land, the widow will keep the will, and the woman will be given the field even if she is exempted from school. 5. In places where the land is narrow, residents can migrate to the empty and barren areas to receive land; In areas where the land is wide, residents are not allowed to move without reason, and they can apply to the government for borrowing land other than the land they receive. Land that has been displaced due to criminal displacement or has no one to keep a job shall be confiscated by the state and used for the purpose of granting and receiving land.

6. Local officials at all levels shall be granted different amounts of public land (post division fields) according to the level of their official positions, and they shall be transferred to the later officials when they leave their posts. The local officials were given public land according to the area where they were in office, fifteen hectares of thorn history, ten hectares of taishou, eight hectares each of Zhizhong and Beijia, and six hectares of county orders and county officials. The old and the new are handed over, and they are not allowed to be sold.

It is mainly to reconcile class contradictions, to alleviate the resistance of the peasants, to combine labor and land to achieve the goal of controlling the peasants, and also to restore production and stimulate economic development.

The purpose is to let everyone have land, so that everyone can have their own land, and divide it according to population, so that farmers can live a better life.

The equalization system was a system of distributing land according to population from the Northern Wei Dynasty to the early Tang Dynasty, in which part of the land was owned by the government after a certain number of years of cultivation, and part of the land was returned to the government after his death. In the middle of the Tang Dynasty, land annexation became more and more serious, and in the Tang Tianbao period, it was impossible to implement land repayment, so it was replaced by the "two tax laws" during the reign of Dezong. The scope of implementation has always been implemented only in northern China, and the first is that it was implemented throughout the country after the unification of the Sui Dynasty.

The equalization system, that is, the feudal dynasty distributed the ownerless land to small farmers according to the number of people, and the land was state-owned, and it belonged to them after a certain number of years of cultivation. The land of the landlord class did not fall within the scope of the land equalization.