What is Doctors Without Borders? What are the Nobel Prizes?

Founded in Paris on December 20, 1971, Doctors Without Borders (MSF) is an international volunteer organization composed of medical professionals from all over the world, and is the world's largest independent humanitarian medical relief organization. The organization is funded mainly by private donations. The organization's headquarters are located in Brussels, the capital of Belgium, and its five operational centers are located at:

Brussels, Amsterdam, Geneva, Barcelona, Paris. The Operations Centre manages and monitors aid projects in more than 80 locations around the world, and its staff also monitors natural and man-made disasters and mobilises emergency support personnel and supplies to assist in disaster relief in the shortest possible time. In addition, there are 18 branches around the world that are responsible for recruiting volunteers, fundraising and promoting the organization's work.

These segments include: Sydney (Australia), Vienna (Austria), Brussels (Belgium), Toronto (Canada), Hellerup (Denmark), Paris (France), Bonn (Germany), Athens (Greece), Amsterdam (Netherlands), Hong Kong (China), Rome (Italy), Tokyo (Japan), Luxembourg (Japan), Oslo (Norway), Barcelona (Spain), Stockholm (Sweden), Geneva (Switzerland), Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates), London (United Kingdom) and New York (United States). The organization sends volunteer medical and logistician personnel to areas affected by natural disasters, wars and epidemics to provide emergency medical relief to victims of wars, epidemics and natural disasters, as well as to provide basic medical care and surgery, rebuild hospitals and pharmacies, promote nutrition and sanitation programs, and train local medical personnel in areas where medical facilities are inadequate or completely absent.

The Nobel Prize originally had five prizes in physics, chemistry, physiology and medicine, literature, and peace, and in 1968 the Nobel Prize in Economics was added, and now there are six.

1950 Edward Calvin Kendall, Philip Showalter Hench Structure and function of adrenocorticotropic hormones.

1996 peter c.Doherty cell-mediated specific immune responses

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was established in accordance with the will of the late Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel to recognize outstanding discoveries made in the field of physiology or medicine in the previous year.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine medal has a bust of Nobel on the obverse, Nobel's year of birth and death (Roman numerals) on the right, and the author's signature "1902" in the lower left corner

The reverse of the medal depicts the ancient Greek goddess of health, Hygiea, collecting spring water from a rock to quench the thirst of a sick maiden. The medal is engraved with a Latin phrase that roughly translates: New discoveries make life better.

The prize was first awarded in 1901 by the Karolinska Institutet of Medical Sciences in Stockholm, Sweden, and is awarded annually on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.

On October 7, 2019, the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was announced, which William Kelling, Peter Ratcliffe and Greg Semenza received for their "discovery of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen**".

For example, in 1977, Rosalyn Yalow discovered peptide hormones, and he was a clinician.

Wow, for example, in 1977, a clinician was awarded the Nobel Prize.

The structure and function of the adrenal cortex and the radioimmune analysis of peptides are all from clinicians.

1977 Rosalyn Yalow Radioimmune analysis of peptide hormones is a clinician.

I think it's because some human body problems are discovered by doctors, and they have more contact with them.

There are many Nobel Prize winners in medicine who are clinicians, and clinical experiments produce results.

I think there must be some biological aspects of this that doctors discovered.

There are many, such as rosalyn Yalow, who discovered peptide hormones in 1977, and he was a clinician.

For example, the structure and function of the adrenal cortex and the radioimmune analysis of peptides are from clinicians.

The first person in China to win the Nobel Prize in Medicine was Tu Youyou.

Tu Youyou: Born on December 30, 1930 in Ningbo, Zhejiang, pharmacist. In 1951, he was admitted to the Department of Pharmacy of Peking University School of Medicine, majoring in pharmacognosy.

He graduated from Beijing Medical College (now Peking University Health Science Center) in 1955. After graduation, he received training in traditional Chinese medicine for two and a half years, and has been working at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (renamed the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences in 2005), during which he was promoted to master's supervisor and doctoral supervisor. He is currently the chief scientist, tenured researcher and chief researcher of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, the director of the Artemisinin Research and Development Center, and the doctoral supervisor.

He has been engaged in the research of the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine for many years, and his outstanding contribution is the creation of new antimalarial drugs artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin. In 1972, a colorless crystal with the formula C15H22O5 was successfully extracted and named artemisinin. In September 2011, he was awarded the Lasker Award and the "Outstanding Achievement Award in Life Sciences" of GlaxoSmithKline China R&D Center for the discovery of artemisinin, a drug used for malaria, which saved millions of lives around the world, especially in developing countries.

In October 2015, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of artemisinin, a drug that can effectively reduce mortality in malaria patients. She became the first Chinese to win the Nobel Prize in science.

The first Chinese scientist to win the Nobel Prize in Science, the Nobel Prize is the highest award in the Chinese medical community so far, and it is also the highest award for achievements in traditional Chinese medicine.